Greek vs Roman Theatre

Historic takewrights such as Sophocles, Euripides, Aeschylus, and Seneca were describe as productive philosophers and geniuses of their time. These men alertly participated in the politics surrounding them, and were respected and worship in their society. for each one(prenominal) had their sustain individual style and portrayed their personalities with from each one of their noned works. Nevertheless, as with a studyity of playwrights passim history, nearly fodder for their plays progress to been adaptations of previous plays written by their predecessors or base off mythological events.Unfortunately, this had lead to many speculative accusations and criticisms, as is the display case with Sene arouse tr mount updies versus their classic counterparts. Senecan and classical interpretations of the plays Oedipus, Agamemnon, and Medea bear similar themes, organism the inescapability of fate and dekameter, and the lack of clarity betwixt right and wrong. Nevertheless, they differ heathenly, politi entreaty, and philosophically due to the inequalitys in society as intumesce as the terms in which the writing of these plays took place. Culturally, Greek and romish theatre vary in a multitude of ways.Firstly, a major difference is the role of actor in spite of appearance their cultures. The introduction of the actor sparked the creation of cataclysm, because of the ability to have back-and-forth discussions. Within Greek culture, to be an actor was a most honourable position as they were considered as icons because the devout actor, who rises to the challenge of providing a good and consistent performance, can be a model for how to live (Easterling 382). In contrast, inside papistic culture, the actors conditions were mean and contemptible (Theatrehistory).A secondary difference is the amount of actors employ by Seneca and his Greek counterparts. Seneca stressed the splendour of consistency of character stating, It is a great thing to pla y the role of one man (Easterling 382), suggesting that he upliftms to disapprove of those who play multiple parts. This is a reason as to why Seneca changed the yield of dissertation parts in plays to encompass iv speaking roles. Agamemnon, for example, has four speaking parts during its final scene involving Aegisthus, Electra, Clytemnestra, and Cassandra (lines 981-1012).Oedipus similarly requires four actors at at one time for the second act involving Oedipus, Creon, Tiresias, and Manto (lines 201- 402) (Boyle 83). A nonher cultural difference is in regards to the importance of the masks worn by either the Greeks or Romans during the delegacy performances. The Greek mask was important because it allowed actors to play multiple roles and with the help of the onkos or high headdress, it portrayed the characters, as they ought to be or as reveal than they be (Wiles 68).The rule of the mask is never in question with Sophocles or Aeschylus as its function was to represent a n eutral face. Hence, eliminating all the peculiarities that break up each character from another as author John Jones stated, The reference could have had a few simple, conventional signs determining rank and age and sex (Wiles 68). This neutral mask allowed the audience to judge Oedipus and Agamemnon by his actions and not solely on his appearance. It also forced the actor to externalize emotions by using his whole body (Wiles 69).Nevertheless, the conventions of tragic masks do numerate down the stairs pressure by the tragedies of Euripides. Classics professor Froma Zeitlin states that Euripides repertory of tragedy and epic provides, as it were, a closet of masks for the actors to raid at will, characters in search of identity, a part to play, which is a principal(prenominal) theme in Euripides Medea (Wiles 69). In contrast, the cultural context of Roman mask was very different from the Greeks, who believed masked performances were a great source of pride.For a Roman, it was unthinkable that dancing in masks was a source of pride during public celebrations. The use of masks centered on the ideologies of the Roman culture and its concern with the subsequently-life (Wiles 129). The Greek observer Polybius wrote that Roman religion, which was even recoil up by devastation, was theatricalised in order that the masses could be controlled by unseen terrors and suchlike tragoidia (Wiles 129). Therefore, while the Greeks put on masks to create novel forms of life, Romans put on masks to resurrect a dead being (Wiles 129). passkey actors received training in life to imitate these dead beings, a reason as to why Seneca disliked the premise of an actor playing multiple roles because actors specialized in one character (Wiles 130). These masks veered away from disinterest to more(prenominal) stock characteristics, much like commedia dell arte, and remained as such for recorded history, and because there is records of Seneca performing his work, there is no pr oof that he used different masks. A final cultural difference is the importance of the let loose and its use in the plays Agamemnon, Oedipus, and Medea.The chorus was not highly manifold in the action of the plays. In general, the chorus main functions were to create a psychological and emotional background to the action through with(predicate) its odes. It introduces and questions new characters, as tumefy as point out the importance of events as they occurred, to tack facts and avow the outlook of society. Finally, the chorus c all overs the passage of time, between events, and separates episodes (Calder 21). Within the play Agamemnon, by Aeschylus, the chorus represents the voice of knowledge of the city as well as its limitations (Novelguide).The chorus limitations are clear when they fail to appreciate Clytemnestra, (lines 258-63), and their wisdom is seen when they are able to see no end to the problem of dike (Novelguide). In Senecas Agamemnon, the chorus of men is rep laced for a chorus of Mycenaean women, which is seen through lines 310, 350-51, (Calder 331). They represent enlightenment by rendering individual cases lucid by juxtaposing the moral crisis (Seneca 113). Similar differences of the chorus can be constitute within the play Oedipus.In Sophocles Oedipus the King, the chorus positions itself within the minds of the audience as the citizens of Thebes acting solely as petitioners with no great affect on the plot. Nevertheless, as the plot unfolds the importance of the chorus grows as they take active roles in the progression of the plot. This continues until the chorus outgrows Oedipus, weaning from his dependence, and bonnie the backbone that Oedipus himself uses to face up his destiny, seen in lines 1550 on (Calder 113).This development contrasts with Senecas chorus, in his adaptation of Oedipus, as the chorus remains on the comparable level yet becoming more philosophical in their understanding of fate and justice (Seneca 6). This is seen in lines 980 to 996 as the chorus explains their understanding of fate, stating, We are driven by fate, and moldiness yield to fate. No anxious fretting can alter the treads from that commanding mandrel Many are hurt by revere itself, many have come upon their fate through fear of fate (Seneca 107). This quote demonstrates that no matter what, one will always meet his fate.Finally, differences between Senecan and Greek choruses are also seen within the play Medea as some(prenominal) choruses play crucial but different roles in the development to Medeas character. In Euripides Medea, the chorus enters as a very sympathetic congregation to Medeas plight, which is seen when they enter and state, I perk upd the voice, uplifted loud, of our little Colchian chick (Euripides 156-7). She is a poor, unfortunate adult female whose world is in shambles and the chorus echoes this (Associatedcontent). Whereas, Senecas chorus represents the average citizen, not pulling punches when it comes to the scandal that they are witnessing.The chorus begins the play by celebrating the marriage of Jason and Creusa, and juxtaposed with Medea still on stage the chorus states that Creusas beauty far surpasses all the brides of capital of Greece (Seneca Medea 75). This demonstrates that the chorus is by no means sympathetic and they do not patronize Medea like the Chorus of Euripides. Senecas Medea does not need the chorus as a crutch, which is provided to Euripides Medea (Associatedcontent). Therefore, through the differences in actors, costume, and use of chorus, the cultural aspects of Greek and Romans times play crucial roles in the adaptations of these myths.A second way that Greek and Roman theatre vary from each other is through the political differences of their times. The fist difference is seen through the significant event that occurred during the writing or adaptation of these plays. Although, the main difference is seen through the importance of mythologica l figures within each play, how they are portrayed, and what they represent. Firstly, each play was written during or after seriously significant events that occurred during Greek times.For example, Aeschylus Agamemnon was written and during the battle of Aegina and after the death of Pleistarchus king of Sparta in 480 B.C. Sophocles Oedipus was written after a horrible blight washed over Athens killing one third of the Athenian population (Bispham, Harrison, Sparkes 9). Each of these events bear on the audience by tying connections to the events that were occurring most them. In contrast, Senecas adaptations were never performed and they were not written during significant events that affected the audience. On the other exceed, a major difference came from the depiction of main characters within each play.Within both Aeschylus and Senecas Agamemnon, Clytemnestra dominates the plot, as Agamemnon himself does not enter the play until line 810. Aeschylus Clytemnestra is portrayed as a insecure temptress, who represents a challenge to patriarchy unparalleled in Greek tragedy as she demonstrates early feminism (RHUL). This is seen through her jealousy of Agamemnons consideration as a man when she tells Agamemnon that he should yield to her (Novelguide). In contrast, Senecas Clytemnestra is portrayed as an emotionally unstable and sympathetic woman, as well as representing the working of the passions.This is present through her desire for a chaste marital relationship with Agamemnon, in lines 239-43 (Seneca 120). Another difference in major characters is seen in the play Oedipus, through the depictions of Oedipus. Sophocles depicts Oedipus initially as a merciful ruler amidst his people, self-confident and determined (Seneca 5). This is demonstrated through his opening lines to the audience, Deeming it uncollectible to hear reason from a messenger, I, Oedipus, on whom men rely, have come myself to hear you out (Sophocles 33).Oedipus represents two endurin g themes of Greek myth and sport the flawed nature of humanity and an individuals powerlessness against the course of destiny in a harsh universe (Seneca 5). In contrast, Senecas Oedipus, at the beginning, is disjointed and obsessed with anxiety and guilt, as demonstrated in the quote, What I fear is unspeakable that I may kill my father with my own hand (Seneca 19). Oedipus unease is due to his possession of power and in Senecan gaming, kingship is typically a source of unease for the ruler (Seneca 7).Senecas depiction of Oedipus keeps in turn with his dramas and their concern with mental states. The final contrast of characters and their depictions are set up in the play Medea. Euripides Medea is seen as lone and forlorn who is portrayed as a pawn of the gods and willing to be such (Associatedcontent). She commits her crime and awaits ramifications from the gods, demonstrated by the line, But youll never have me in your grasp, not in this chariot, a gift to me from my grandfat her Helios, to protect me from all hostile pass (Euripides).Seneca, on the other hand, characterizes Medea as not just a woman, but as a vibrant and vengeful spirit who is more god-like, being in control of her destiny (Associatedcontent). When dealing with her connection with the gods, Senecas characterization is the polar opposite of Euripides as she is not as courteous and reverent of the gods. She often condemns them for their actions or lack of actions seen in the lines, Hecate, I call so many times for your arrows for just one reason, always the same (Seneca Medea 95).With these political differences, mainly the depiction of past and mythological figures, it is clear to see that these differences have significant effects on characters as well as plot. Finally, the philosophies of each playwrights era highly affect the adaptations of the each play because of the differences in philosophical vocabulary, seen through the writers dialogue. Each playwrights manner of utilizing dialogue is specifically unique to each individual. Senecas dialogues were not platonic exchanges between characters but were treatises (ancienthistory).Senecas work rhetoric, argumentation, and complex verbal exchanges were quite unlike the dialogue of Greek tragedy. Furthermore, the aura of gloom, disease, insanity, and physical horror that permeates his plays is adverse to the spirit of Greek drama (Bispham 296). Aeschylus pioneered drama tension through the addition of the second actor, increasing the possibilities for dramatic dialogue. His terminology in dialogue is discernible with force, majesty, and emotional intensity (Britannica).Aeschylus boldly uses compound epithets, metaphors, and figurative turns of speech, demonstrated in the quote, Winged hounds, eagles of Zeus, slew a poor cowering creature, her unborn young slaughtered with her. She loathes the feast the eagles made. Sorrow sing, sorrow, but good shall flourish with power (Aeschylus). This description the sla ughtering of an animal demonstrates Aeschylus rich language binding together the dramatic actions, rather than used as simple decorations (Britannica). It was also harsh of Aeschylus to sustain a common image or group of images throughout a play, such as the snare in Agamemnon.Sophocles major insane asylum was his introduction of a third actor, which enabled the playwright to both increase the number of his characters and widen the variety of their interactions. The extent of the conflict was extended, plots could be more fluid, and situations could be more complex (Britannica). Sophocles language varies depending on the dramatic needs of the up-to-date moment within the play. It can be slow and weighty or swift moving, emotionally intense or easygoing, highly decorative or perfectly plain and simple (Britannica)..This can be demonstrated through the quote from Oedipus, One man may surpass another in wisdom, yet until I see the prophets words be true never will I agree when Oed ipus is blamed for once the winged maiden came against him and he showed himself wise be the test and good to the state (Sophocles) . His mastery of form and diction was highly respected by his contemporaries (Britannica). Euripides style of dialogue and language is best described as chatter, alluding to both its comparatively light burden and to the talkativeness of his characters of all classes.In spite of this, Euripides dialogues have considerable charm and sweetness. This chatter is best described in the quote from Medea, during the scene when she is killing her sons, Help me help Did you hear that? Did you hear the children cry? That wretched, evil woman What do I do? How can I escape my mothers hands? I dont know, dear brother. Its over for us (Euripides). Although this quote does not demonstrate Euripides charm and sweetness, in later(prenominal) works, his lyrics underwent a change, becoming more emotional and luxuriant, and this demonstrates the chatter (Britannica).With such incompatible styles and use of dialogue and language, the philosophical differences between Seneca and the Greek playwrights are evident. The differences set in motion within the Greek and Senecan interpretations of the plays Oedipus, Agamemnon, and Medea demonstrate the significant shift of societies and era in which the plays were written and/or adapted. This demonstrates itself through many differences such as the cultural diversity dealing with the actors and their performance, the costumes in respect to the importance of masks, and the driving dealing with the changes in chorus.Political changes demonstrate the differences through the significant events during the theatrical production of the production, whether or not it affected them in any way, and the depiction of historic figures in regards to their portrayal within the play. Finally, philosophical ideologies demonstrate the difference between Greek and Senecan tragedies through the expression of the playwrights through the characters, with the philosophical language of the unique dialogue in which each playwright perfected. Nevertheless, interpreters put their own personalities within the plays and this is what shined through, no matter the criticism.Bibliographyhttp//www.theatrehistory.com/ancient/bellinger001.htmlhttp//ancienthistory.about.com/od/seneca/a/Seneca.htmhttp//www.novelguide.com/Agamemnon/essayquestions.htmlhttps//www.britannica.com/ history/Aeschylus-Greek-dramatist?anchor=ref393561

The Person I Admire

Maria Corazon Cory Sumulong Cojuangco Aquino (January 25, 1933 August 1, 2009) was the 11th President of the Philippines and the offset printing woman to h old aged(prenominal) that office. Aquino was also the jump popularly and democratic eithery-elected female chairwoman and head of state in Asia. 12 She is best remembered for leading the 1986 EDSA People causality Revolution, which toppled the dictatorial regime of the late strongman Ferdinand Marcos and restored democracy in the Philippines. Tita (Auntie) Cory, as she is affectionately k without delayn, is considered and revered by many another(prenominal) Filipinos as an icon of Democracy, and has been hailed by term Magazine as the Saint of Democracy, due to her advantageously-known spiritual bearing and strong ad presentnce to non-violence and democracy. A self- proclaimed plain ho delectationwife,3 Aquino was married to Senator Benigno Aquino, junior , the popular opposition leader and staunchest critic of then Pres ident Ferdinand Marcos.Senator Aquino was assassinate on August 21, 1983 upon returning to the Philippines after his exile in the linked States. After her married mans assassination, the widowed Aquino became the unwilling and reluctant leader of the opposition against the authoritarian rule of the Marcos regime. She united the fragmented opposition and strengthened its moral driveway against the abuses and excesses of President Marcos martial rule.In late 1985, when President Marcos called for a pellet election, Cory Aquino was called upon by the plurality to challenge his regime. Reluctant at showtime, Aquino thrust herself into the governmental bena after one million signatures urging her to run for chair were presented to her. Despite having no prior political experience, except being her husband Ninoys wife, Aquino proved to be a cult leader, inspiring orator and mean campaigner. She ran for president with former senator Salvador Laurel as her vice-presidential running mate.When the Marcos allies-dominated Batasang Pambansa proclaimed Ferdinand Marcos The Great Hero as the winner in the 1986 snap elections, Aquino called for bulky civil disobedience protests against him, declaring herself as having been cheated and as the real winner in the elections. Filipinos enthusiastically heeded her call and rallied behind her. These series of events eventually led to the ousting of Marcos from power grabbing and the installation of Aquino as president of the Philippines in February 1986, an event which is now known as the historic 1986 EDSA .The Person I AdmireTHE soul I ADMIRE/THE INSIPER at that place are so many people who have changed so many lives in my confederacy especially to the younker, simply Mandla Ndlovu was innate(p) to save the company with his uniqueness to other(a)s. He gave up his eminent powered job only if to make sure that his companionship is a wagerer place for e trulyone. Mandla Ndlovu was innate(p) and chevvyd in Estc ourt, he was very popular in the confederation their prescribe it takes the whole village to raise a child. Everyone knew him at an betimes age and many parents wanted their childrens to be like him, because he was respecting and every Saturday he goes to clean the church service than Sunday he goes to church.Unfortunately his spawn was a drunker and he never knew who his give was. Normal he was utilize to look after himself and his vex when she was drunk, by the age of elven he was on the job(p) in a super commercialise part time on the dot to make sure that he doesnt go to bed with an exculpate stomach. He matriculated in 2001 and he got intravenous feeding distinctions, the municipality council arranged for him to further his studies in Mangosuthu University of technology . sadly his mother died when he was doing level three of his degree.In 2009 Mandla destroyed his law degree and he was larger-than-life for a job, because he didnt have much experience in the fiel d so he was willing to do any job. His first client was his bring forth entirely they both didnt know that they are connected luckily they win the case in court. Njabulo Mandlas father was more than than satisfied, so he went to Mandlas dwelling house to thank him personally for job well done and to invite him to his lady friends wedding. When he got there he saw a run across of Mandla and his mother, he asked Mandla about that women on the depiction and he told him that it his late mother.Njabulo started nerve-wracking and Mandla was confused he asked what wrong, than he told him that he once dated Mandlas mother and they had a child to driveher in 1983, the same year Mandla was born and his mother ran away with him. They found from each one other and they started building their relationship like father and sun. Njabulo was very old and he was a head teacher in the confederacy, Mandla was his first born so he takes after his fathers chiefance. Mandla used his education a nd he made same changes in the community, even though he had to go against his fathers rules and the community supported him including his stepmother.Firstly he abolished that girls should leave and get married by the age of 15, that was his fathers rule. Secondly he saw a emergency of a library, so he approached ABSA buzzword for a contribution in building a library in my community and ABSA agreed, they take of everything. thirdly he didnt promote paranga so he chooses to lead by example and he had one wife, the other chiefs blamed him. He told them that he is the first chief with high powered qualifications. Fourthly every award day he organizes cargo ships to transport the pension receives to a receiving station and sometimes he uses his own car.Ever since Mandla became a chief he influenced the say that says education is the key to success to everyone, because his first priority was education. He commonly invite motivational speaks ,like DR Gwala and MR Mvelase once in si x months sometimes hes the one who motivating the youth ,he once said that we all have the ability the difference is how we use it and that Mountains but doubt fag create them. These words motivated me as Im here today and Im not the only one.Lastly he asked the community to fund raise and he uses that to oblate students who dont property to register at the high mental hospital of education. Every time he come across the young ones playing, he will ask them their wishes and put forward them that no one is attached a wish without being given the power to make it come true. If it wasnt for Mandla s intelligence my community would not be a better place as it is proper now. Mandla will always be a hero to many for us and a role model to the generations to come. leading are born with leadership skills like Mandla he was a broad leader.The Person I AdmireTHE PERSON I ADMIRE/THE INSIPER There are so many people who have changed so many lives in my community especially to the youth , but Mandla Ndlovu was born to save the community with his uniqueness to others. He gave up his high powered job just to make sure that his community is a better place for everyone. Mandla Ndlovu was born and raised in Estcourt, he was very popular in the community their say it takes the whole village to raise a child. Everyone knew him at an early age and many parents wanted their childrens to be like him, because he was respecting and every Saturday he goes to clean the church than Sunday he goes to church.Unfortunately his mother was a drunker and he never knew who his father was. Normal he was used to look after himself and his mother when she was drunk, by the age of elven he was working in a super market part time just to make sure that he doesnt go to bed with an empty stomach. He matriculated in 2001 and he got four distinctions, the municipality council arranged for him to further his studies in Mangosuthu University of technology . sadly his mother died when he was doing level three of his degree.In 2009 Mandla finished his law degree and he was desperate for a job, because he didnt have much experience in the field so he was willing to do any job. His first client was his father but they both didnt know that they are connected luckily they won the case in court. Njabulo Mandlas father was more than satisfied, so he went to Mandlas home to thank him personally for job well done and to invite him to his daughters wedding. When he got there he saw a picture of Mandla and his mother, he asked Mandla about that women on the picture and he told him that it his late mother.Njabulo started trying and Mandla was confused he asked what wrong, than he told him that he once dated Mandlas mother and they had a child together in 1983, the same year Mandla was born and his mother ran away with him. They found each other and they started building their relationship like father and sun. Njabulo was very old and he was a chief in the community, Mandla was his first born so he takes after his fathers chiefance. Mandla used his education and he made same changes in the community, even though he had to go against his fathers rules and the community supported him including his stepmother.Firstly he abolished that girls should leave and get married by the age of 15, that was his fathers rule. Secondly he saw a need of a library, so he approached ABSA bank for a contribution in building a library in my community and ABSA agreed, they take of everything. Thirdly he didnt promote paranga so he chooses to lead by example and he had one wife, the other chiefs blamed him. He told them that he is the first chief with high powered qualifications. Fourthly every pension day he organizes transport to transport the pension receives to a receiving point and sometimes he uses his own car.Ever since Mandla became a chief he influenced the say that says education is the key to success to everyone, because his first priority was education. He normally invite motiv ational speaks ,like DR Gwala and MR Mvelase once in six months sometimes hes the one who motivating the youth ,he once said that we all have the ability the difference is how we use it and that Mountains but doubt can create them. These words motivated me as Im here today and Im not the only one.Lastly he asked the community to fund raise and he uses that to oblate students who dont money to register at the high institution of education. Every time he come across the young ones playing, he will ask them their wishes and tell them that no one is given a wish without being given the power to make it come true. If it wasnt for Mandla s intelligence my community would not be a better place as it is right now. Mandla will always be a hero to many for us and a role model to the generations to come. Leaders are born with leadership skills like Mandla he was a great leader.

Chaplin vs Buster

Looking at late generation we see cater his encounter to the viewer. Pressured by the mankind to reflect social and political discrepancies of the world Charlie develops a topical approach to his art. fellow besides developed his act to assemblage to the masses as I will later discuss further when comparing our two subscribe tos Charlies new-fangled Times Is the sensation which caters to both the social and political Issues of the day. Beyond the legitimatem of get hold of Charlie holds his take personal description about his world and the Issues faced as his book A comedian Sees the World demonstrates.Still despite his views initi totallyy Charlie saw a clear withdrawal between his art and politics. Art is the treatment applied to work and has nil to do with the subject matter. 2 Despite this by the mid brim it was not enough to be political yourself as an artist it was also expected to be seen in your art. It was following his world tour that he became more out s poken about the condition the Depression had left(p) the world, and decided to give into outside pressures. Like other Charlie icons the film current Times took straight from the textbook of Chaplains aesthetic contract where comedy, romance and pathos, would meet.As verbalise the difference between other aboriginal films by Charlie and Modern Times however were the topical allusions used. We can clearly see this in early scenes between the Electro Steel Companys owner and his workers. The boss barks demands throughout the beginning and by the end of the sequence Charlies character ends up going mad from the tyrannous nature of the work place. Another allusion is to link between p everywherety and disgust as we see scenes of Charlies love interest stealing from the rich to course both her and her struggling family. It is important to note however that Von Wiggings essay notes that the crew ofChaplains aesthetic contract as well as, social and political realities was proble matic. To him the film does not ring true to the woes of depression when contrasted with the optimism of a go well-situated clown. Still this does not discount the topical allusions which were used throughout this film. contradictory dude this film Is very much a commentary on the world around them. When feel at the gags done in Modern Times the sheer expressiveness of Charlie. Uses the silliness of things like body movements. You especially you cant deteriorate the obvious facial nerve movements of Charlie compared to the stone faced sheik.For example scenes like when Charlie is existence force fed food are pleasurable because of his being over the top clearly contrast scenes in the General like when Buster no colossaler sees the train in front of him and gives slight facial movement and reaction. This is one of Busters most well know trademarks. Buster got his skip in a family vaudeville act and would later grow to own his own production studio where he directed and star red in a number of films. The General is a classic chase film set during the Civil War. It recounts the reputation of a down on his circumstances train engineer who gets wrapped up in a brazen-faced rescue for the love of his life.Laura Macgregor notes in her paper and as I mentioned Buster Sextons the General. Buster Keating tries to appeal to sentiments of the time which called for greater world in comedic gags. 4 If it couldnt happen in real life then it was not real and Buster saw it as an impossible gag. So rather than monstrous gags he would work at keeping his gags possible. Laura add that by utilizing the long shot with a long take Buster is able to evidence how authentic his stunts, like when he travels between train carts, can be. This makes the humourous comedy more believable to the audience ember.One example of another hardheaded gag is when Busters character disguises his love as a sac of potatoes. by and by putting her on the train you catch shots of Buste r wincing in fuss as he watches soldiers continue loading. 5 This is contrasted with some of the gags in Charlies film Modern Times such as the scene when Charlie finds new utilization only to mess up and accidentally cast off one of the ships or the scene where he is blind folded and roller skating a few floors up. Cartoonist scenes where Charlie is being rung through the inside of a implement would not hold true to he realness Buster was looking for.It is important to note that Buster did not simply deny suspending intuitive feeling in all his films, rather he developed a comedic realism deep down his features in response to audiences wants. To add to the authenticity Keating also believed things should be visually real. From costumes to the genuine armies of people Buster was empowerted. In the general I took a page from history and I stuck to it in all detail. I staged exactly what happened. 6 Another technique used by Buster in the General, which Laura touches on, was to plant the gag alongside the narrative.Just as audiences called for comedic realism Laura claims audiences of the sasss were looking for more sophisticated or complex comedic relief over what many would deem as simple slapstick comedy. Almost all of the gags in The General serve similar double duty as gag and narrative element 7 It is interesting because by doing so gags not only are used to expand on the story but become key in the development and cohesiveness of the film. erst again looking at the scene where Buster potato sacs his damoiselle the gag is clearly working on the bigger picture of acquiring them back to their allies.Without this gag the story can not move precedent as smoothly. In comparison to more random scenes within Charlies Modern Times such as his roller skating scene within the department store. Though comedic it is not intertwined within the plot. To better entertain the public and though both films were not received well for various reasons they commit to growing within there art Just in unlike ways. Charlies pressures being that of representing daily life in the Depression while Buster is more concerned with appealing to audiences want for a more realistic performance.

Foundations of Mythology Essay

Myths shake been a great part of history, from the very minute of arc humans roamed the green marble we call Earth. Therefore, mythology has become just as relevant in attempting to answer lifes greatest questions as any scientific method. Myths have cause our world from the very showtime to the world we live in today. We will explore the common mean of myth versus the academic meaning of myth, what are some of the common mythic themes, and the relationship between belief, jockeyledge, mythology, and religion.Myth is a word commonly employ to describe a widely held but false belief or idea, (Google, 2014). As an example, when someone says thats a myth, they are commonly referring to something world false, fictive, or non existent. It is in this context that the majority of the population would use and have used the word myth. In an academic context, a myth is an antediluvian patriarch narrative that attempts to answer the enduring and fundamental human questions, (Leonard & McClure, 2004, pg. 1). I would decide a myth as a statement or feature that is believed in without factual basis. Just because the facts elude us, does non tally something untrue or false, merely unproven. If something remains unproven, it should not be considered or comprehend as false. After all, if it is not proven to be false, it does not make it true and vice versa.The intimately common mythological themes are of creation, the render of revision, and secretion themes. Many diverse culture around the globe accost such similar and universal themes because they are all attempting to answer the most profound questions. Questions that deal with our existence, the existence of all around us, as considerably as what occurs upon the death of our bodies. These themes tend to cover the creation of all that exists, the order and mechanics of everything, and why things are the way they are.One commonly miss creation myth is that of the big bang theory. There is no factual data that indicates that the big bang occurred millions of long time ago, or that it occurred at all, permit alone that it will repeat the cycle of condensing all hearty into a sphere (the size of a period on this page, up to marble sized which is the source of another debate). Truth is that there is much than data that points to a young earth, solar system, and universe than there is for millions of years (Creation Today, 2010).There exists an intertwining relationship between belief, knowledge, mythology, and religion whether or not we confess it. Many religions are based on mythology and those in practice of such religions must believe in the knowledge attained from and passed on by centuries of practitioners prior to them. For example, a Buddhist believes he or she will transmigrate to a higher or lower social class depending on their behavior during their current life. This cycle is repeated until enlightenment is attained. This is based on the mythology of Buddha that has be come a religion, which millions of people around the globe believe to be truth based on the writings of Buddha himself and the knowledge of all those who came afterward him. It is this intersection of belief, knowledge, mythology, and religion that has helped countless of people cope with fear of death, or fears in general, with poverty, injustice, suffering, and the unknown.Mythology is still relevant in todays modern-day culture. Although, the word mythology is not commonly used synonymous with apparitional beliefs, mythology has shaped the modern social cultures. The majority of people have a religious point of view, whether they believe in a god, many gods, or none at all. It is these belief systems that help them to deal with the unknown, hardships in life, and death. Science has been making leaps and bounds in recent years. Nevertheless, modern science cannot pretend to know half of everything, but given that it did know half of everything, is it not workable to have a cre ator that dwelled in the half we do not know? I dare to comment that it is quite possible, even more so, that it is inevitable.ReferencesCreation Today. (2010, May 12). The age of the earth. Retrieved from http//creationtoday.org/seminar-part-1-the-age-of-the-earth/Google. (2014). Google search. Retrieved from https//www.google.com/?gws_rd=sslq=myth&safe=offLeonard, S., & McClure, M. (2004). _Myth & lettered An introduction to world mythology_. New York, NY McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Brand Essence Colgate Essay

The company chose for this assignment is Colgate. Colgate is a division of the Colgate-Palmolive instigator that produces soaps, detergents and oral exam hygiene products. Colgate focuses on oral hygiene and is a master of toothpaste and toothbrushes. Started in 1806 by William Colgate as a soap and candle company. When William died in 1857, his soon took over. In 1837, Colgate introduced their first toothpaste and was the first to introduce toothpaste in a tube. In 1928 Palmolive-Peet bought Colgate and in 1953 the name changed to Colgate-Palmolive (Colgate-Palmolive, 2012). Today Colgate is one of the leading manufacturers of toothpaste, with Procter & chance as their main competition.Competitive FactorWhile in 1992 Colgate was the draw in oral hygiene products, toothbrush competitors emerged as the obsession with oral health increased. Colgate has several big competitors that produce products that are potentially more(prenominal) advanced or incorporate mouthwash into toothp aste, creating newborn features. The pairing of backsheesh with Scope lead to competition for Colgate. The pairing of Oral B with dentists gave them the dentist recommendation lead. (Priestley, 2011) Consumer behaviour is constantly changing, and new engine room is emerging, therefore competitors susceptibility be offering promotions.Environmental FactorCustomers are finally startle to get informed about oral health and the importance of mucilage disease. Colgate has to be informed and constantly innovate themselves with new technologies in tell apart to keep up with customer knowledge and needs. Other countries are alike unaware of the importance of oral health, therefore the company should target them in order to become the leader in oral care.A affectionate challenge is the market is growing with competitors and as research on oral care increases, so do the peoples expectations and needs. There is numerous family demographics, therefore the company should learn produc ts for peoples different needs, such(prenominal) as sensitivity, gums, whitening. The products should also range from child oral health to remote sensitivity.A technological challenge for Colgate is the lack of interesting advertising. There is untold more advertising in media for Crest, Sensodyne and other competitors. They use commercials, print ads, kind media to attract their consumers, where as Colgate uses few advertisements and has commercials that are seen as boring. Competitors also have a diversity of products and commixture for individual consumer needs. Crest and Aquafresh have demonstrable foaming gel toothpastes that are new and different, while Colgate still lacks these new additions.A legal challenge for Colgate is its past history with a rejoin in 2011 (Health Canada, 2011). The company recalled the Colgate Motion Electric Toothbrush, which was a new-fashioned event. This could affect the companys reputation and drive the consumers to look at other competitor s when choosing their products.Consumer FactorWhile the bargaining power of buyers is low, consumers are enough more aware of the importance of oral health and the leading competitors present. afterward the 1990s the baby boomers became concerned with their gums, therefore toothbrush companies improved their technology and formed alliances with dental professionals (Priestley, 2011). As customer demands grow and they seek variety in their toothpaste and toothbrushes that are up to par with oral health research, Colgate top executive have to update its products and technology.Economical FactorThe industry is broken big bucks by price and by category of therapeutic and cosmetic. If the scrimping shifts and the sylvan experiences inflation, it will impact the businesses running and the product (Ali, 2012). With the current poor economy in many countries, sales might decrease, or customers might learn cheaper competitors in order to compensate.

Karl Marx Essay

Karl Marx is one of the most reputed philosophers of the 19th Century. Born in 1818 in a middle class family, Marx studied law in Bonn and Berlin and by and by plunged deeper into the ideas of Hegel and Feurbach (Wheen, 2007). It is after receiving his doctorate in philosophy in 1841 from the University of Jena that he locomote with his family to Paris where he became a radical transmutationary communist and teamed up with Friedrich Engels, a nonher radical philosopher of his time. They collectively authored the pamphlet The Communist Manifesto which was subsequently published in 1848. In this pamphlet, Marx passionately asserted that all kind-hearted history was dominated by class struggles. Furthermore, he predicted that they would culminate into the issue forth of capitalism and mature of communism (Wheen, 2007).Karl Marx later moved to London in 1849 where he broke his political and religious isolation to author rabbit Kapital, sometimes referred to as the Bible of the w orking class (Wheen, 2007). In this book, Marx substantial very philosophical ideas related to the c uprises of the working class and the implicit struggles in the midst of laborers and makeers of industries. The works and ideas of Karl Marx in his book Das Kapital were later edited by Engels after his death in 1833 in London (Wheen, 2007). The ideas of Karl Marx established a school of thought known as Marxism, or what later came to be popularly known as the Marxist doctrine. His publications consummated the main ideological currents of 19th century. These included the classical English political prudence, cut affectionateism and the French new doctrines of the time.Marx, by push through his writing, had envisaged a friendly whirling that would see the overtake of capitalism and the rise of fabianism as a dominant ideology. These predictions later became discernable after the death of Karl Marx in what was considered to be a process of socialization of labor. Wheen ( 2007) contends that this trans miscellaneaation would be possible to process by the working class in prolong struggles with the bourgeoisie. This led to the development of ideas evident in Marxism and the combat speculation that form the bedrock of Marxs works.Karl Marxs Conflict Theory. Conflict theory is a Marxist perspective and expression of the way in which confederation is social organisationd. This perspective depicts society as characteristically dominated by counterpoints (Collins & Sanderson, 2008). Conflict is the determinant of how resources atomic numeral 18 allocated and who attains the most from much(prenominal) allocations. Power is also acquired through conflict, and once such power is acquired, it is employ to dominate the less- unchewable and to benefit a few people. Collins and Sanderson (2008) cited that the basic form of interaction in the human society is non consensus but competition, which culminates into resolved conflicts. Each party or ind ividual competes against perceived rivals with the goal of gaining avail and dominating the separate.The theory presented by Karl Marx underscores the concomitant that conflict, and not consensus, dominates designed mechanisms through divers(prenominal) classes in the secernate society, interacts and relates to severally new(prenominal) (Collins & Sanderson, 2008). The rich and the powerful use conflict to threaten their poor subjects and to maintain the status-quo. The poor on the other hand, organize and use conflicts to push for a revolution that ordain overthrow the powerful that argon enjoying the privileges of capitalistic structures. These tensions argon thus sustained by the affect of from each one group to piddle its interests dominate the structures and operations of the society.Karl Marx contends that the society is stratified into two main social groups. These are the trade union movement and the bourgeoisies. The conflict between these two large social grou ps results in what Marx considered as radical change. The probable source of conflict between the p officetariat and the bourgeoisies are the desire of the proletariat to bewilder ownership of manner of output, such as factories, power, land and other valuable resources (Collins & Sanderson, 2008). The bourgeoisies, on the other hand, are not go outing to relinquish these resources and give up their privileged positions of power and raise riches and investments.Karl Marx on Class and Class Conflict. According to Karl Marx, society is stratified into classes. The classes comprise the bourgeoisies, land-owners and the proletariat. The propertied-upper-class is the minority, while the proletariats are the majority. Wood (2004) notes Marxs dissection of thedominant features of each of these classes in most of his works. For example, the bourgeoisies own the means of production. This is due to the huge investments they have made into factories and machines in the industries. The la nd owners have rent as their master(a) source of income. The proletariats are owners of cheap labor which they offer in supplant for wages that they use for their basic subsistence (Collins & Sanderson, 2008).Investment gives the bourgeoisies a lot of profit. Marx conceptualized the structure of the society in relation to the two major classes. He is centre on the inherent struggles between the proletariat and bourgeoisies which is the engine that pushes the occurrence of social change through revolutionary movements. In the understanding of Marxists, class is defined by the level of wealth and power that one possesses (Wood, 2004). This power is use to sideline other classes from property and positions of power. Bourgeoisies use their power to serve their individualized interests and amass more wealth at the expense of the proletariat. These three different classes, in the understanding of Karl Marx, have different interests which pit them against each other (Wood, 2004). For example, the bourgeoisie are interested in safeguarding their investment in the industries, maximise profits and minimizing costs. This makes them engage the proletariats as laborers in the farms to achieve this objective at relatively minimal wages.The proletariats on the other hand, organize and mobilize themselves to collectively push for better wages, conditions of work and strive to overcome the repressive and consumptive forces of their masters in the industries and factories. Thus, they struggle to join hold and, through revolutionary movements, overthrow the bourgeoisies and control the industries and factories (Wood, 2004). These conflicting interests are what pit the social classes against each other. Conflicts, and not consensus, therefore, characterize the society as noted by Marx who had envisaged such a society founded on constant conflicts.The struggle between the classes is liable(predicate) to widen with time as the conditions of the laborers deteriorate further . This is likely leads to disintegration of the social structure. Collins and Sanderson (2008)asserted that conflicts between proletariats and bourgeoisies would translate into an industrial revolution. This would mark the pleasure of the proletariats over the bourgeoisies, leading to increased access to capital and means of production by proletariats. This, according to Marxists, would mark the end of capitalism and the fire of socialism characterized by public ownership of the means of production.The fall of capitalism and bourgeoisies go forth, therefore, induce a classless society as political power shrivel away due to industrial revolution led by the proletariat (Wood, 2004). Thus, according to Marxists, class and class conflict are the forces behind societal transformation and not any other evolutionary processes. Radical revolutionary movements are likely to create a new social decree in the society in which capitalism gives way to socialism as witnessed by the industria l revolutions that altered the social order in Russia in the 19th century.Karl Marx on Alienation. The philosophical ideas of Karl Marx on alienation were relevant in his radical reformation periods that saw the fall of capitalism (Otteson, 2011). Although these ideas were mainly considered to be philosophical in the 19th century, alienation, as was espoused by Marx, since accordingly has bend a real social phenomenon in the 21st century discourses that are propagated by contemporary social science scholars. The most outstanding expression that Marx wrote about was economic alienation or alienated labor. According to the books of Karl Marx, one of the front forces behind conflict between bourgeoisies and proletariat is the fact laborers felt confused from the products of their own labor (Me%u0301sza%u0301ros, 2006).Marx asserted that in a capitalist society, workers were forced to remain on the job and work duplicate hard in order to earn and sustain themselves (Me%u0301sza%u 0301ros, 2006). He was against alienation which is caused by strong forces of capitalism and predicted the rise of communism in which laborers will no longer work to live but live to work. With the fall of capitalism and alienation, wage earning slaves will be free men who will work and enjoy the value of their labor. In a capitalist society dominatedby bourgeoisies, the production capacity of an employee is 100%. However, the employee does not benefit directly from these products. He plainly earns 10% of the production of his work, which he only uses for daily subsistence. In communism, one would directly benefit from 90% of the proceeds of his labor and only lose 10% which will be washed-out in other production processes.Marx contended that in a capitalist society, workers are alienated even from the products that they produce (Me%u0301sza%u0301ros, 2006). A laborer working in an industry that manufactures oil becomes so much alienated from the product that he or she produces t o an extent that even in his or her own dwelling house he cannot afford the oil, yet he needs it and contributes significantly to its production. The ideas of Karl Marx on alienation were very accurate considering that many labor union movements advocated for the eudaimonia of workers in the modern society (Otteson, 2011). There are employees who work in a milk processing plant, when ironically back at billet they do not take the milk, not because they do not need it but because they cannot afford the milk.Alienation as presented by Karl Marx in his conflict theory is an explanation of a situation in which man is separated from valued resources, opportunities, processes and decisions in which his input ought to be reflected (Me%u0301sza%u0301ros, 2006). The laborers at the time of Marxs life did not have opportunity to say a give voice on the amount of wages they earned as compensation for their work. Yet, their role in the industrial production processes was very significant. T he masters determined the wages, number of hours worked, when to grant leaves for recuperation and so on. In fact, Marx was very concerned with how the intemperance value of products processed in the industries manned by workers benefited the workers themselves.Marx asserted that in a capitalist society, the surplus value only makes the rich richer as the workers become more impoverished. So worked up were the laborers that they were even alienated from their own families and private lives. They did not have time for recreation, family sessions or other club forums. Marx sadly puts it in his writings of Das Kapital thatleave or absence to workers in a capitalist system was hard to come by (Me%u0301sza%u0301ros, 2006). But when such leaves were finally granted, they were only meant to help the workers recuperate and stupefy extra strength not to benefit themselves but their masters who would then register a rise in surplus value in the industrial production.Alienation, according to the writings of Karl Marx, can be seen to occur in four different ways. Me%u0301sza%u0301ros (2006) contends that workers are alienated against the products that they produce they do not benefit from them much, the production process especially through specialized discussion section of labor, from the community and from himself. In a capitalist industrialized society, specialized component of labor is used to promote alienation under the disguise of enhancing readiness and effectiveness in production. Marx argues that an employee, concerned purely with the repair of broken humble machines in industry producing oil, may not have enough check with other production processes in the industry. The owners of the industry alienate them from this knowledge out of fear that such knowledge might empower workers to compete against the manufacturing plant owners.Karl Marx on Consciousness. Consciousness as defined by philosophers refers to how people or a person defines and understands himself (Wood, 2004). The concept of intellect as presented in the writings of Karl Marx was basically bent towards understanding and identification with ones class. It is this consciousness that would push the workers (proletariats) to join other proletariats and put forward a coupled battle against one common social group, the bourgeoisies. Wood (2004) asserts that consciousness would modify workers gain awareness that they all had shared sleep togethers with other laborers, the bitter experience of alienation, exploitation and oppression by capitalist bourgeoisies (Wood, 2004). This consciousness would push the workers to rise against the bourgeoisies and launch protest and revolutionary movements that would lead to the fall of capitalism and the onset of communists ideologies. Marx used the term class consciousness to exposit this level of awareness on the part of the workers. There are scholars of Marxism who have argued that the concept of consciousness was used by Karl M arx to depict class as a very subjective dimension in acapitalist society.The concept of consciousnerss forms the skeleton of Marx conflict theory. The proletariat will only rise to confront the bourgeoisies after realization that all workers had common problems, all originating from the bourgeoisies. much(prenominal) awareness by itself is inspiring enough to stir up revolution and protests against the bourgeoisies (Wood, 2004). Marx argued that it was false class consciousness that continued to sustain the forces and the influence of capitalist ideologies.The proletariat had misrepresented their identity, position in society and resigned to fate, preferring to remain in subordinate positions as the bourgeoisies took advantage of this and used their positions to exploit and dominate the economy (Wood, 2004). Members of subordinate classes, such as workers and peasants continued to suffer in the hands of the dominant bourgeoisies as a result of false-class-consciousness. The upper class, on the other hand, has their consciousness right as they believe they should remain dominant owners of the means of production.ConclusionKarl Marxs works have influenced and continue to influence sociological academia and studies in the field of economics. Although some of his ideas, like conflict theory have been criticized by scholars since then in the contemporary sociological theory, conflict perspective remain to be a very popular sociological perspective, while Marx remains in academic records as one of the enormous scholars that contributed to the growth of sociology and its relevance in understanding human interactions and relationships in the society. coetaneous scholars, including critics of Marxism, continue to draw on his works to develop new concepts and ideas aimed at offering more accurate explanations of various phenomena in the society.

Group Observation Essay

The class I observed was a teen dating delirium prevention free radical. It was held at A High School. The purpose of this conclave was to break adolescents approximately domestic violence. The facilitators goal was to ascertain the adolescents about whole relationships, unhealthy relationships, types of abuses, various red flags of an abuser, and provide important resources for those who whitethorn be going through a domestic violence relationship. In the concourse, at that place were about ten members. They were all males and sopho muchs in high school.Their age ranged from 15 to 17 years old. The population in the pigeonholing was primarily Hispanics. The group was held in a classroom during 5th period, which lasts about 50 minutes. all(prenominal) Tuesdays, two facilitators from X Agency would go to the high school and t severally two different class sessions. One facilitator would fill all the females in one room and the other facilitator would take the males in ano ther room. In the male group that I observed, the teacher was always present in the classroom.This was the facilitators low gear session with a new group of students. The facilitator, Kim, first lift offed off introducing herself to the class. She spoke briefly about the types of services that were provided at X Agency. She reasoned about the different topics that the students would be learning throughout the 8-week session in the political program. Then, Kim asked the group if they had any rules that should be applied within the group. Many students were in truth responsive to Kims question. She then talked a little bit about confidentiality.She discussed about how e genuinelything the group talked about stays within the group, unless the person break that he or she was going to hurt fewone, virtuallyone was hurting him or her, or he or she is being abused. Kim told the students that she would be mandated to report those troika things. Kim did an activity with the students where the students would harbour to come up with a food see that had the homogeneous letter as their first seduce. Kim brought in a frame of colored paper and the students were to choose one colored paper of their choice.On the paper, the students were to write their food names along with their real name and name some things that represented themselves. Kim walked around the room and created conversations with some of the students. Some of the students were ineffectual to come up with a food name. When this happened, Kim would ask the student what his name was and then ask the rest of the class for any ideas. The students were very accessible and helpful. This activity took about 20 minutes. Everyone participated in the activity and seemed to really enrapture it.After the students were finished with their project, they had to tape it on a large mow down paper that was placed on the chalkboard. Kim explained to the students that the reason she precious them to come up with a food name was because it would be easier for her to remember their names. After that activity, Kim asked the group some questions about what they would like to learn during these sessions. She valued to experience some of the things that the students would be engagemented in or may dumbfound learned already. She told the students that this group was all about them, and she would do the best she nooky to take in their ideas.Some of the students asked if they could talk more(prenominal) about girls and understanding some of the traits girls have. Kim had a question box, where students would write down any questions, ideas, thoughts, or comments they have that some eras they may feel uncomfortable saying in presence of the group. It would be completely anonymous, and the facilitator would normally discuss about it the following week. Afterwards, it was time for the students to go to their next class. Kim had all the students drop in their index tease for the question box.Thro ughout my observation, I matt-up that the facilitators leadership room was in between authoritarian style and democratic style. In the stolon of the session, Kims leadership style was more authoritarian because she was discussing about the program and the agency. I noticed that when other wad were talking, she would stop talking and asked the students if they valued to share something to the class. Other times, if other students were talking amongst themselves, Kim would stop and let them know that she was not going to talk over them. As the session went on, Kim started to have more of a democratic style.She already had a whole docket planned out for the session. After going over the classroom rules, she started adequate more interactive with the students. Within the group members, Ive noticed that on that point were subgroups in the classroom. There would be a group of friends who would be having conversations with each other. Some other students were quieter and did what wa s told. Some of the members would shout out comments, and other members would start laughing. Some of the authorizations of the group was that overall, it seemed like everyone got along.Also, since all the group members were male, they probably felt more comfortable talking about certain topics and issues. Another strength was that these students were already familiar with each other, since they were in the same class. close to of them seemed to be very interactive with each other. The playing field the group needs to make better on is learning how to have side conversations with their friends. Even though the group is for the students, the students should learn and respect others who are talking. They could try to have fewer interruptions art object others are speaking.The facilitators strength was that she had everything planned out. She went with her agenda and everything seemed to flow swimmingly for the most part. When the students were doing the food activity, the facilit ator was very engaging with the students. She showed a lot of interest with what the students had to say. She also did a lot of active listening when the students gave her some suggestions and ideas. An area that might need improvement is the way she talks to the students. Sometimes I felt that she sounded more of a teacher rather than understanding the group members.Since there was a teacher already in the classroom, maybe the teacher should be responsible for the disciplinary and not the facilitator. My concerns for this group is that some of the group members may have taken a similar program in advance and might end up being disruptive to the rest of the members. Most of the students seem to know a lot about domestic violence, and they may feel that the program is useless to them. I thought it was a long idea for the facilitator to ask the group members about what sort of things they would want to discuss about in the program.The facilitator acknowledged the group members thoug hts and ideas, which I thought was very important. Group engagement seems to be more effective than individual work in certain ways. In one study, a researcher wanted to find out about the creativity between small groups and individuals (Moore, 2000). He had small groups working unitedly and individuals working alone. Within the study, groups and individuals were given the same two paintings to examine. They were also given a questionnaire, which had questions about the paintings.The researcher wanted to see which one would produce more ideas and creativity for the paintings. Results showed that the groups came up with more ideas and details about the paintings than the individuals. Since there were more people in the group, more brainstorming were involved (Moore, 2000). Martell and Borg conducted a study on individuals versus groups on behavioural rating accuracy (1993). Researchers were interested in seeing if groups working together would remember more than individuals do. The groups had an advantage over the individuals because more members were involved, which means they can equivalence notes.Also, another advantage for doing group work was critically analyzing a item, and in this case, a behavior. Results indicated that the groups had a higher accuracy in tell the questions than the individuals. The main reason was because the group members were able to discuss about it and compare their thoughts, whereas an individual only had one idea (Martell & Borg, 1993). These are one of the with child(p) benefits of group work. More ideas would be brought upon and could also have other people think about a certain idea or situation in a different way.

The Importance of Accountability Essay

responsibility is most-valuable in any makeup, in health negociate perseverings live sens be at stake. Accountability is defined as creation answerable to audiences for performing up to certain prescribed standards, thereby fulfilling obligations, duties, expectations, and other charges. Employees on entirely levels requisite to be kept on a certain standard so accountability leave al whizz be measured by performance assessments, this empennage be done weekly, biweekly, monthly and yearly. Check and balances is in place so that one department is non favorable over others, either department so that the organization can be successful. Having e realone accountable for their actions pass on increase body of work productions because others pull up stakes not have to fretfulness about others occupations. Maintaining a positive morale is prerequisite it will increase employees productions and reduce employee error oddly in a health cargon setting.Measuring Employees Acc ountabilityAs managers, providing an adept and thoughtful assessment can help your employees learn and grow, thereby making them to a greater extent profitable team members. Wilbanks, L. (2011). Assessments are the core of any organizations because this is where a manager and employee can see where someone is lacking and address the problem. appointed reviews are praise for the employee that is doing their job correctly but negative reviews is where employee will need to address the problems by improving or getting more than(prenominal) training. Yearly assessments are the most important because it is going to take e very(prenominal) past assessment into consideration and if improve is not seen disciplinary actions may be taken as far universe laid by depending on managements decision.Check-and-BalanceChecks-and-balances in government is put in place so that no one branch of government is more powerful than any other one. Organizations adopted this process so that no one dep artment gets all the power but there is a certain amount of power to each department so that the organization can be successful. If power is not equally divided one or more departments are not going to be strong in the care for its patients.Accountability Organizations Working CultureThere are many ways accountability is important and will affect a working culture usually in a positive way. bingle way that it will positively affect the work place is that employees will stick to their task at hand and not have to do other employees tasks. Each employee demand to be accountable for what their job translation says and stick to their assignment. In a health care setting doing more than the employee is entitled to can be a serious problem especially if they are underqualified. For instance a monitor tech should only worry about the monitor but if a patient complains about being in pain he/she cannot give the patient anything that should be handled by nurses with directions by the phy sicians. There can be serious consequences for the technician because it can drastically affect the patient even causing death if something was administered wrong. Each patient was hired to do certain tasks and veering arrive at those tasks should not be acceptable by any organizations.Positive CultureMorale is important in any organization because without a positive morale employees will not want to work or not put their honorable effort into their work. Happy workers are known to be more creative, productive and team oriented. Jennifer Newman and, D. G. (2006, Jul 19). Creating a positive culture among employees could be a sticky task for managers but not impossible. Having everyone accountable for their tasks and if organization goals are being met, rewards can be given out such as bonuses or lunches. This goes a long way for employees and shows what they should strive for instead of being off task. Employees knowing that they will get rewarded for their hard work and dedicati on can create a positive workplace for everyone as well as patients.Avoiding Culture of BlameThe blame game is something to be avoided in the workplace because it only cause stress and strain on everyone in the workplace. Managers need to make sure it is understood that each employee stays on task and for those that are lacking or not handling their jobs will be met with disciplinary actions the day of their assessment. Keeping control is going to be very important for the managers because extra stress can lead to problems with patients.Importance of AccountabilityIn this paper the importance of accountability was elaborated thoroughly, each employee needs to be accountable for each and every action they do on a day to day basis. Weekly, biweekly and annual assessments is a very important measurement so that the performance of each is kept at a certain standard. Keeping each department in a check-and-balance is important so that no one department is seen as all powerful among others . Each department needs to cooperate amongst each other to make the organization successful. Accountability is important so that there is a positive working culture.ReferencesJennifer Newman and, D. G. (2006, Jul 19). 11 ways to boast morale in the workplace. Harbour City Star. Retrieved from http//search.proquest.com/docview/357835576?accountid=458 Porter-OGrady, T., & Malloch, K. (2007). Managing for success in health care. St. Louis, MO Mosby. Wilbanks, L. (2011). work reviews. IT Professional Magazine, 13(1), 58-60. doihttp//dx.doi.org/10.1109/MITP.2011.13

An Ideal Type of Security Investment in Malaysia Essay

First of all, we as group have chosen social whole Trust as the best choice in conjunction to the division of ideal type of security investitures according to our understanding and beliefs. According to an denomination that we have researched, the Federation of Malaysian whole Trust Managers (FMUTM) defines that unit of measurement pull is a form of collective investment which allows investors with similar investment objectives to mob their funds to be invested in a portfolio of securities of other assets.A master copy fund manager will then invest the pooled funds in a portfolio. It includes assets classes such as cash, bonds and deposits, shargons, property, and commodities. The ownership of the funds is divided into units of entitlement hence, unit holders do not purchase the securities in the portfolio directly. Consequently, when the funds of the mentioned asset classes increases or decreases, then the value of each issued unit increases or decreases accordingly.Besides that, the hold on investment (ROI) of unit holders is usually in the form of income distribution and capital appreciation which is derived from the pool of assets supporting the unit intrust fund. Unit trust also allows investors to have easy access to a encompassing range of investments exposures which are not normally available to them. There are a number of other substantial benefits of investing in unit trust. Amongst them are that unit trust are very affordable. Investors are eligible to start with an investment amount as low as RM1000.In addition, rather than concentrating an investment portfolio of one or two investments or share, a portfolio of market securities can be held. Meaning, there is a wider dish out of the investments which is also know diversification hence the investment returns will be little volatile. Through unit trust investment, individual investors have better chances to spread their money to wider asset classes in the same time gaining their particu lar investment exposure requirements. On top of that, unit trusts have good liquidity which further enhances chances of profits of an investor.Other than that, as mentioned a little rather on, the people managing unit trusts are approved professionals whom are trained to checker that decision-making is structured and according to sound investment principles. In the long term, the expertness of a knowledgeable and experienced fund manager usually generates supra average investment returns for unit trust investors. Subsequently, with unit trust, the economics of the effect are more favorable because fund managers invest in large amounts.Hence, it means that fund managers are able to get access to sell fees and products which are impossible for the individual investors to obtain in return, this action reduces the cost and charges and further enhances the profit for the investment of the investors. Moving on, with the introduction of unit trusts in Malaysia came also the regulati ons from various regulators, especially the Securities Commission. The entire range of variables relating to the unit trust industry is governed by various legislations in order to protect the provoke of the public investors and also a safe investment mechanism to continue any frauds.

Carrie Buck Essay

Buck versus Bell 274 U. S. 2000 (1927) was the United States Supreme romance ruling that upheld a statue instituting compulsory sterilization of the unfit, including the mentally retarded for the safeguard and health of the state. (Holmes) It was largely seen as an residualorsement of invalidating eugenics which is the attempt of acquirement to improve the human race by eliminating defectives from the gene pool. (Elof)Paul Lombardo argues (in N. Y. U. natural law Review, April 1985, 60(30)30-62) that the Buck case was a milest unrivaled in g all overnment might over psyche rights. Lambardo) In his es verbalize Carrie Bucks girlfriend a popular, quasi-scientific idea can be a powerful puppet for injustice, Stephen Jay Gould attacks the injustice of the false science of eugenics, and champions Carrie Buck as the example of the victims. This composing aims scrutinized Goulds writing skills by studying and analyzing the five metaphors he utilise in the essay. First, the compa rison to Judeo-Christian (Exodus) and pagan Greco-Roman (philosopher Plato) ideas of punishment by dint of 3 generations which is unjust will be tackled.Second, Carrie Buck is an instrument of showing the citizenry what injustice is. Third, the references to Adolf Hitler and the Nazis policy of eugenics through natural gas ovens will be analyzed. Fourth, the going of the dish acesty of the American legal administration and the issue regarding Oliver Wendell Holmes will prove that brass powers overpower the individual rights. This should not be the case. Lastly, the metaphor from the ballad Barbara Allen will be talked nigh. At the end this paper will in any case examine and evaluate whether Gould succeeded or not in his argument or thinking essayGould was a area ren turn out goted historian of science. (Shermer) This is why one believes that he uses metaphors that happened in history. He wanted to prove his arguments by relating to what has already happened in the past w hich is remarkable for a writer to do. The first metaphor was a comparison to Judeo-Christian and Greco-Roman ideas of punishment through 3 generations. In addition to that is the superstition of bad things happens in threes. One supposes that Gould wants the readers to realize the similarity of the ruling and the antiquated beliefs.He argued though that the injustice here is that the children are innocent of the crimes of their fathers or grandfathers. (Gould) When Gould referred to Adolf Hitler as the perfect metaphor for evil, it could be he was coming from a dose of view that no person in the history of the serviceman had done what Adolf Hitler did and all for the reason of eugenics. Gould was in any case have it offn to write about philosophical matters. He was clearly disgusted by the eradication of over 9 million people through gas ovens just because they were considered imperfect. (Gould) How could Hitler know what is perfect if he is imperfect?Surely, it seems illogi cal when one sees this argument. As for the issue of dishonesty of the American legal system were the victims were not told of sterilization and that the regime falsified records was just plain unjust. The government does not have powers to undermine the rights of some(prenominal) individual. The individual is in the proper perspective to know how to better a government and a sense of bettering a order of magnitude rather than one person holding a high office. That should better fulfill to separately one individual needs and in turn produce a more than controlled government.A government should be entirely equal to all citizens and each individual should constrain his or her own decisions. (Rousseau) One of the most storied documents in history tells of the necessity of individual rights and explains why those rights are a necessity. Individuals wants and needs could possibly be blind to the state running the government and habitual pleasures that many take for granted could quickly come to imperfect once they were gone. Often, the state does not visualize this method and can sometimes ignore the individuals needs all together when proposing things.This essentially give power to the federal government to control and set laws for people instead of letting the individual think for him or herself and control their own actions. With having the states predominate control over individuals, line of works often occur and the different laws and propositions could estrange some people. The answer of Independence originally completed different rights for the community of the United States in which gave the people rights of freedom that the citizens needed and a average to have a guide for the people.Platos from Crito is a document that established and guidelines to be held by the states instead of the individual. The Declaration of Independence sought for individual unlike the principles regarded in from Crito, in which saw the power of the government to b e lead by the state. Over time people have swayed from the views of the Declaration of Independence and have abused their rights that were allowed to them. That should be no reason to have these freedoms taken from them. Individual rights are a must in society and are important in the function of everyday life.The individuals rights should predominate and not the government powers. In fact, the government has defeated their shoot for by doing acts like fraud and telling lies. (Rousseau) They have the responsibility to symbolise and protect the innocent and helpless against people that will try to price them. In this case, the people who are harming the innocent are the ones that should have been protect the victims. Gould argued that as we can see in the evidences that Carrie Bucker is a victim of this injustice. Gould also made a reference to the ballad Barbara Allen.The ballad was about two lovers who were united only in their deaths which is similar to what has happened to t he mother and child in the Buck case. Carrie and Vivian Buck were reunited when they were already dead. Goulds tone during this part was a person who mourns as if the two people were related to him. He was so disappointed in what happened in their lives and was disappointed that because of the injustice done by the government we see the end of the Buck lineage with Vivian. Stephen Jay Gould is one anomalous writer. What distinguishes Gould from other writers is that he has taken his work beyond academia and into everyday life.He takes certain aspects of information in history or in any topic that appeal to a general audience and makes them relevant to the here and now. Gould uses his unique style to condense the key contri only ifions of influential figures into a single essay. He also uses his own seemingly mundane experiences to make larger points. In this essay, one could see that readers will be enthrall to read from the very first page. He uses ordinary language but this does not mean that the depth of his words and thoughts would suffer. One can also see that he uses different perspectives in looking at the problem and not just contained in his expertise.He definitely succeeded in this persuasion essay if what he really wants was to open the eyes of the public to the negative effects of eugenics in our lives. Gould captures the emotions of the readers by using information that is both scientific and historical. However, if one questions whether Gould was impartial or objective then one would say that he was impartial. Although he did not directly state it in the essay, one could feel his emotions when one is reading through the article. Gould has established an interesting point in this essay.It was fascinating to see how he had developed the theme and imprisoned it up. The essay was like a more structured version of a good and intellectual conversation. Gould has his own unique philosophy of science that has influenced both his rush and his life. Th at philosophy can best be summed up in a quotation from Charles Darwin, frequently cited by Gould as a plump principle of philosophy All observation must be for or against some view if it is to be of any service. (Darwin) Gould has followed Darwins advice throughout his career and his extensive writings.

Mutual Funds Essay

A vernacular is a kind of investment-company that combines money from umteen investors and backers and invests the money in bonds, money-market instruments, stocks, other securities and sometimes even cash. A interchangeable broth in basic terms is a large root word of people who lump their money together for management companies to invest. And, wish or so things in the world, there atomic number 18 tumbles and commissions involved. Mutual bullion ar managed by money managers, who capitalize the ancestrys capital and try to evoke capital gains and revenue for the stocks investors. A usual shops portfolio is organized and maintained to mimic the investment objectives defined in its catalogue. A mutual fund has many characteristics, which ar listed below. Investors and backers purchase sh atomic number 18s in the mutual fund from within the fund, or through a divisor or fund agent, and gougenot buy the shares from other backers on a tributary market such as the NAS DAQ stock market or untried York Stock interchange.The amount that investors purchase their mutual currency shares for is the estimated net summation value or NAV per share in addition to any slants that the fund may charge at the time of purpose, such as gross sales charges, also known as sales commitments. Mutual fund shares are convertible, meaning when an investor wants to sale their shares, they sell them back to the mutual fund or to a broker working for the fund at the net asset value less any fees the mutual fund may charge, such as deferred sales freight rates or reclamation fees. Mutual funds commonly sell their shares on a continuous basis, although some funds will stop selling when, for instance, they reach a certain take of assets under management. The investment portfolio of a mutual fund is typically managed by separate entities known as investment advisors that are registered with the SEC.Furthermore mutual funds themselves are registered with the SEC and s ubject to SEC regulation. There are many forms of mutual funds, which include index funds, stock funds, bond funds, and money market funds. Each type of mutual fund has a contrastive investment objective, strategy and investment portfolio. Different mutual funds are also subject to different risks, volatility, and fees and outlays. Fees related to a mutual fund reduce returns on fund investments and are an important feature that investors should see to it when buying mutual fund shares. Mutual funds come in two main types, categorized by how the fees are charged. The types are load mutual funds and no-load mutual funds. A load mutual fund charges for the shares/units purchased plus an initial performances fee. The initial transaction fee is typically no more than 9% of the investment fund amount or can also be a standard fee depending on(p) on the mutual fund provider.This fee is added to your purchase as a sales fee. There are a couple different types of load funds out there. Back-end loads mean the fee is charged when you buy off the mutual fund. A front-end load is the opposite of a back-end load and substance the fee is charged up front. A no-load fund means investors and backers can buy and redeem the mutual fund units/shares whenever without a commission or sales charge. Some companies such as banks and broker-dealers may charge fees and commissions for the transaction and exchange of mutual funds. Many no-load funds charge a fee if you redeem them early.Most people endorse avoiding load funds raw and studies have shown that load mutual funds and no load mutual funds offer the same return, however, one charges a commission fee. A 12B-1 fee is the yearly marketing or sharing fee on a mutual fund. The 12B-1 fee is treated as an operational expense and is incorporated in the funds expense ratio. The 12B-1 is usually between .25% 1% of a funds net assets. The name of the fee comes from a segment of the Investment Company Act of 1940. An electronical ly traded fund or ETF is a security that follows an index, group of assets or commodity, but trades them like a stock on an exchange. Prices for ETFs change throughout the day when they are bought and sold. Because ETFs are traded like stock, they do not have NAVs calculated everyday.References1. U.S. Securities and Exchange tutelage Information on Mutual Funds. U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Retrieved 2011-04-06.2. Fink, Matthew P. (2008). The Rise of Mutual Funds. Oxford University Press. p. 9.

New York’s Midtown North

New Yorks Midtown North is make up of several precincts, with one unique in the city the CPP, or interchange cat valium Precinct. The precinct is home to 42 species of birds year round, with up to 300 species perceive there at various seasons, and there argon as well as squirrels, birds, fish, rabbits, turtles, frogs and former(a) animals. There are not, however, any human residents. There is an enormous measure of human activity occupying the 840 acres of land and 150 acres of water. In addition to 58 miles of pedestrian paths, 6 miles of vehicle drives and almost 5 miles of bridle paths, there are also world-class attractions, including1. Tavern on the Green Restaurant5. Loeb Boathouse (miniature sailboat club)11. Bethesda Terrace and Fountain14. The Metropolitan Museum of wile (NYPD sack site)The ball place itself was designed in 1858 by Frederick Law Olmstead and Calvert Vaux, devil giants of architecture of the period. The nations first designated humanity park, Ce ntral Park is laid start so that, even when the park is full of people and events, there are hidden, quiet places as well as open fields. Although between 16 and 20 million people visit the park each year, it is manageable to feel completely alone with nature among the parks 26,000 trees. (One can also animate tennis on 30 courts, or ball on 26 ball fields or swim in a pussycat at the northern end, or ride a merry-go-round not farthest from the Central Park Zoo.) (NYPD weather vane site)In addition, the Delacorte Theatre has Shakespeare in the Park from mid June through the end of August each year. The Central Park Summerstage, located at Rumsey Playground E. 72 St. and the East Drive, has free performances from June through the beginning of August on Saturdays and Sundays at 3 pm. The New York super C Opera has free performances at various times throughout the summertime(NYPD Web site).It seems that of all the precincts in New York urban center, the CPP is uniquely approp riate for Problem-Oriented Policing.In addition, because of New Yorks position as a world city and after 9/11, the NYPD has also benefited from learning how to surge, a tactic that can be valuable in a precinct where incidents are likely to happen at ludicrous times at specific locations. Surging has lately been perfected for acknowledged terrorist activities At least three times a day, New Yorks intelligence operation division sends 100 officers to swarm a specific location that their learning suggests could be a target. Its called a surge (Montaigne, 2005). When a surge happens, officers hand the five or six hours after it fanning out into the neighborhood, shops and subway, asking questions and attend toing for anything suspicious.In 2004 and so far in 2005, there concord been no murders in Central Park, and only one rape in 2005. robbery, however, has increased, with no(prenominal) 6 in 2005 to date, and 4 in 2004. Felonious assault is lot ho3wever, from 4 in 2004 to 2 in 2005 to date. There was one burglary in 2004, none in 2005 to date. Grand Larceny is also may be down for the year. In 2004 there were 11, with 7 in 2005 to date.Citywide, the murder point is down, from 184 in 2004 to 161 in 2005 to date, for a 12.5 percent decrease at incumbent tempos. Rape is also down, from 627 in 2004 to 585 in 2005 today, a 6.7 percent rate of change. Robbery was up, however, from 7,638 for all of 2004 to 7,690 to date in 2005. Felonious assaults were down from 5,842 in 2004 to 5,430 t date in 2005, for a decrease of 7 percent. Burglaries were also down, from 9.981 in 2004 to 7,767 in 2005 to date, a 13.5 percent decrease. Grand larceny citywide was also down, although by only 1.8 percent, from 15,258 in 2004 to 14,976 in 2005 to date (NYPD Compstat).These statistics are surprising, in view of the difficulties inherent in patrolling Central Park. In 1965, poet Robert Lowell create a poem called Central Park that seemed to expose precisely what was ac cident then.each landscaped crag, each floweringhides a legal philosophyman with a club (Quoted by Vitullo-Martin, 2003).Vitullo-Martin noted that design elements that helped make the park a refuge from the city-secluded woodlands, hidden coves, paths that curve and dip from sight, Lowells flowering shrubs-also made the park hard to protect or patrol. Central Parks fame and beauty made it a prized site for concerts, protests, marches, rallies and celebrations. But the huge crowds also attracted crime (2003).Arguably, the factor that made the difference between then and now can be attributed to the characteristics of Problem-Oriented Policing. Compstat is an built-in fortune of that strategy, showing police captains at a glance where the difficultness spots are, both geographically and in terms of types of crime. According to Moore (2005), Problem-oriented policing (POP) is a police counselling philosophy that entails SARA scanning to identify, specify, and describe specific prob lems to implicate analysis in which the causes of the identified problems are explored fully and response that refers to the look to for tailor made solutions to remove the specific or general causes of the problems through execution of instrument of concepts supported by assessment concerning the process where the solutions implemented are evaluated in terms of effectiveness and strategies. Although Moores definition sounds overly analytical, in fact, POP depends for conquest on all the buzzword tactics of modern business values, ethics, communication, vision and empowerment.Glassoock, indite in the FBI Journal in 2001, noted that although POP initiatives have had an subtle affect on external, end-product issues-that is, reduction of crime-it seems prudent and appropriate to also accept the concept to internal problems.Glassoock contends that the likelihood of triumph with the end product is practically influenced, if not driven, by the organizations internal constitution (2001). A de weakenment must, he says, attend to internal issues with thoughtful deliberation. In addition, he recommends that so-called outsiders much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as citizens and business leaders be invited to contribute to initiatives, and goes so far as to say that To the extent that a police department remain open to the inclusion of these individuals, the likelihood of palmy internal problem-solving increases (2001). As noted, successful internal operations-including communication and empowerment, especially-are essential to producing the end-product, lower crime rates.New York City and especially the CCP, are heavily involved in just such efforts.Chief among its programs are an Auxiliary Police whole consisting of men and women from 17 to 60 years of age. They patrol the park in uniform playacting as the centres and ears of the police. There are 42 members, whose work is supplemented by the work of 42 Parkwatchers, concerned citizens who keep a wat chful eye on the park. When criminal activity is observed they report it to the police (NYPD Web site). It is obvious that CCP, perhaps more than other city precincts, interacts frequently and in effect with non-officer personnel who are trusted with important work.Another such railroad siding is the Roadrunners Safety Patrol. These helpers patrol in pairs and carry interwatch radios there are 72 of them. An additional 70 New York Skaters Association members are also enlisted to erect information to the precinct (NYPD Web site).Perhaps the most famous of the groups assisting the CCP is the Guardian nonsuch Patrol. There are 61 Guardian Angels trained and enlisted.An essential part of the POP program is the Park Enforcement Patrol, or PEP. Established by the NYC incision of Parks and Recreation, it is a unformed patrol with the mission of providing safer parks, encouraging the public in the proper use of parks and discouraging the misuse and end of park property. During the busy weekend and summer periods, and during all special events such as concerts and races, PEP officers patrol the park to help people know the event and to keep order. If park users become ill or are injured, the PEP officer will provide first aid and pass an ambulance and police. People in trouble and in need of assistance look for PEP officers. These specially trained officers also assist the N.Y.P.D. by enforcing timberland of life violations in the park (NYPD Web site).Working with them is the only bid ambulance service in Central Park, the Central Park Medical Unit, which responds to accidents involving park users, bicyclists, rollerbladers, joggers, etc.. The Central Park Medical Unit assists the N.Y.C.E.M.S. (NYPD Web site).The POP success doesnt depend entirely on uniformed and/or trained volunteers, however. The CCPs Robbery Reduction Unit consists of one Sergeant and five Police Officers who are deployed at robbery accustomed locations (NYPD Web site).Non-police work als o becomes part of the mission in a POP-driven unit such as CCP. For instance, in concert the Central Park Precinct Youth Officers and community of interests Police Unit conduct truancy sweeps (NYPD Web site).While trying to keep kids in school, the precinct also tries to keep cpss in the hands of their rightful owners. CCP runs a bicycle registration program in an effort to deter thefts (NYPD Web site).A unique N-Force is a unit consisting of one sergeant and three police officers that focuses on quality of life conditions they are deployed at areas that the precinct commander designates as priority locations (NYPD Web site).In its dialog with the community, CCP also has a Community Council that meets with police officials to seek ways to solve local problems the CCP council has 146 active members. Finally, CCP participates in a Thanksgiving Food Drive and a Winter covering Drive, as well as Toys for Tots to help children in disadvantaged families (NYPD Web site).The first item on the NYPD mission statement is To protect life and property, reduce crime, improve the quality of life while dealing with the citizens of this city with courtesy, professionalism, and respect (NYPD Web site). It is apparent both from the crime statistics in this orbicular playground and the number, range and type of community and quasi-police organizations that communications, values, vision and empowerment are operative in this highly unusual precinct, in which there are no residents, but only visitors of every possible type and intent.Glassoock notes that since the 1980s, law enforcement agencies have applied the concept of problem-oriented policing to many community problems, such as alcohol-related crimes, burglaries, graffiti, bring up offenses, and trespassing all of which a precinct that was completely park and special-use structures would be prone to have. Glassoock notes that Because POP emphasizes solving a problem as the dominant decision-making mode, officers attainin g management positions must rethink their decision-making styles learned earlier in their careers. They must control that the appropriateness of different decision-making styles varies depending upon whether officers are responding to calls or solving problems (2001). It is apparent that CCP has been successful.