Cyperus papyrus: From the Nile to Modern Times :: Botany

Cyperus paper plant From the Nile to Modern TimesCyperus papyrus, commonly called papyrus or report ingraft, is a member of the sedge family (Cyperaceae). It is a monocot that is native to riverbanks and other wet soil areas in Egypt, Ethiopia, the Jordan River Valley, and other parts of the Mediterranean basin (1). Few members of the sedge family nurture economic importance as crop plants, but throughout the world these plants hold great regional importance in weaving mats, baskets, screens, and even sandals (3). though not normally jumpn for crops sedges do hold economic importance to agriculture. A substantial issue forth of sedges are noxious weeds, invading crop field in all climates of the world. These include species that invade rice paddies, grazing pastures, as well as others (3.) Sedges do however have a considerable amount of ecological importance. They are of extreme importance to primary production as well as an integral part of the hydrologic cycle (3.) C. papyrus is an aquatic plant that has woody, bluntly triangular stems and grows up to about 15 feet in quietly flowing water up to three feet deep and the stem sack grow up to six centimeters in width near the top (4). While the bottom portion of the stem can be up to six inches in width (7). The stem has scattered vascular bundles and no inner pith, like other typical monocots. The stem is composed of mobile phoneulose (54-68%) and lignin (24-32%), this helps to provide support for the stem and later helps maintain the plant structure. There are also air ducts in the stem to help the plant stay buoyant this is an important adaptation since C. papyrus grows in wet conditions (1). The roots, which are rhizomes, spread over the water, forming floating mat. These mats can sometimes break apart allowing the plant to colonize new areas in rivers and lakes. This can sometimes cause problems for shipping vessel (1). The leaves of the paper plant are long and sharp-keeled and have parallel veina tion (7). The leaves also have an epidermis with no long and short cell differentiation. The leaves usually have silica bodies and stomata are present (6.) The leaves are arranged in umbels, or tufts, on the end of tall, leafless stems (1). The economic contributions of C. papyrus whitethorn not be evident to moderns, but its importance to some ancient civilizations is tremendous. The ancient Egyptians were using papyrus to make paper more than five gigabyte years ago to make the first paper (1.

Celies Struggle for Freedom in The Color Purple Essay -- The Color Pu

Celies Struggle for Freedom in The Color Purple Events in history have influenced writers style, genre, and emphasis in their stories. 1 Alice Walker was greatly influenced by the time period of the 1940s. There was much racism and oppression during that time, especially for low-spirited women. Women were beaten and abused simply because of their color and gender. Celie, a young disgraceful woman, endured many hardships reflective of the time period including racism, oppression, and sexism but remained strong in her organized religion in God and overcame these obstacles to show the quiet strength of a woman. The oppression of black women is very evident in The Color Purple (Ryan 3062). It is especially shown in the relationship between father and daughter, Alphonso and Celie(Fulmer 1). From the time Celie is very young she is subject to oppression. She is raped repeatedly by her stepfather and is told to keep quiet about it (Walker 1). This is very abase to Celie and it ca uses her to fear men for a good portion of her life (Walker 6). Celie gets pregnant twice with her stepfather. He takes the first baby and kilt it out there in the woods. The another(prenominal) he sells to a family in a nearby town (Walker 3-4). Celie is oppressed all throughout her life, but she learns to overcome it and support herself (Ryan 3062). Celie also endures other forms of some(prenominal) physical and mental abuse. He beat me for dressing trampy but he do it to me anyway (Walker 8). Abuse was very common in those times. It was used for visualise and ultimately complete domination. Celie could not run from her stepfather because she had nowhere else to go. Alphonso later forces Celie to marry the Reverend Mr.______. This is not that bad for Celie because she no longer... ... body of the black family and of most black mothers (Ryan 3062). The same oppression is still seen today and black women across the globe are still fighting for freedom. The Black Femini st Caucus (BFC) is fighting to see equality between women and men. They are also battling with the different forms of violence that black women deal with because of black males (BFC 1). Oppression is a battle that must be fought and won to ensure that America is the land where all men (and women) are created equal.Works CitedBlack Feminist Caucus. Fumler, Constance M. The Color Purple. Masterplots Complete. CD-ROM. 1999Paul. The Holy Bible. 1 Corinthians 610 and Romans 126.Ryan, Bryan, ed. Alice Walker. Major 20th Century Writers. Vol. 4. R-Z. Detroit Gale Research, Inc., 1991.Walker, Alice. The Color Purple. New York Pocket Books, 1982.

Essay --

An organisation may host a corporate event for a physical body of reasons. A party could be appropriate for launching a new product. Alternatively, a social gathering might be managements fashion of showing appreciation for employees.Regardless of its purpose, such an occasion needs careful planning. Numerous details need to be attended to. However, these important considerations are worth noting.FoodFood is an asset in any event. This is especially true if that seminar or gala will last for several hours. People with empty stomachs wint be in a party food. So its important that they have something to nibble on.The following factors normally affect food selection. while of the partyWeatherNumber of guestsWhile its not mandatory, many party planners opt for delicacies that match the theme. They rely on restaurants, which offer essential provide (http//www.essentialcaterer.com.au/) services, to execute this. If its Halloween bash, for instance, expect to see a pumpkin cheese ball or white meringue ghosts on the menu. Be mindful of guests that have precise dietary requir...

Free College Admissions Essays: Responding to Future Challenges :: College Admissions Essays

Responding to Future Challenges As the valet grows so do our challenges. not only are our problems increase in number but they are also growing in complexity. There is scarcely a day that goes by when I dont hear about some new problem that will soon threaten us all. While some of these problems such as El Nino, earthquakes, and other natural disasters cannot be stopped -- there are other challenges such as the spread of racial hatred, rising risk of disease spread, and the growing levels of civil unrest throughout much of the world which threaten many lives everyday. Most of the futures challenges will only be made possible if all people, heedless of race, color, or nationality, attempt to work together for a stronger world. There are many ways in which I believe that I can stand by society meet this future challenge of coming together as a united world. While I was an rallying student, I saw the world from a different point of view. For the first time, I realized that the people of the world have so many similarities in comparison to the few and unimportant differences. To make the people of the world unite would merely take time in convincing people of the world that we are all in chase of the same basic goals. All that it would take to show that this could be done is two different cultures to unite and then the rest of the world what can beget by the strength all gain by coming together. I believe that I can help in solving some of the barriers that cumber us back from completing the task that we all desire which is unity. I served as a miniature version of a diplomat when I was an exchange student. I helped people in another country see that we all have common goals and I also helped sever the bonds to racial hatred by providing them insight into the American way of thinking and they did likewise for me. I have done everything to help sever these ancient bonds and will continue to do so in the future as I feel I am called to do. Many suffe r problems on a much less grandiose scale. Although these problems whitethorn not seem to be as big as world peace or global warming, they are however present.

Homelessness Essay -- essays research papers

Homelessness in our society.The existence of homeless people in our society is still evident today. Everywhere you look around our cities, parks and streets it is liable(predicate) that you will witness a homeless person struggling to survive. This is most certainly a social justice issue, every Australian deserves a make and comfortable place to dwell, not left on the streets to perish. In society the rich get richer, and the poor get poorer. People today be far to driven by work and money to see the problem of homelessness surrounding them.Those very reasons explain why I chose this topic to create an advertising campaign. On the 23rd of June, 1987 the Hawke government promised us this. For our next term, we ar setting achievable goals for Australias future in the world. So we set ourselves this goal By 1990, no Australian child will be living in poverty.If only this goal was achievable. Between the years of 1991 and 1994, the number of young Australians between the ages of d ozen and eighteen living in poverty had doubled to twenty one thousand.The government does not do enough to help the homeless, although some people are homeless due to their own wishes, there are many people on the streets that do not choose to live as they do. People are homeless because they may have lost their jobs, evicted from their homes, teenagers that run away from families and teenagers that are thrown away by families who no longer want them. Every year, approximately twenty seven thousa...

Homelessness Essay -- essays research papers

Homelessness in our society.The existence of homeless people in our society is still pellucid today. Everywhere you look around our cities, parks and streets it is likely that you will witness a homeless person struggling to survive. This is most certainly a societal justice issue, every Australian deserves a secure and comfortable place to dwell, non left on the streets to perish. In society the rich get richer, and the short(p) get poorer. People today are far to driven by work and money to see the problem of homelessness surrounding them.Those very reasons explain wherefore I chose this topic to create an advertising campaign. On the 23rd of June, 1987 the Hawke government promised us this. For our next term, we are setting achievable goals for Australias future in the world. So we set ourselves this goal By 1990, no Australian child will be living in poverty.If only this goal was achievable. mingled with the years of 1991 and 1994, the number of young Australians between t he ages of twelve and eighteen living in poverty had doubled to twenty one thousand.The government does not do enough to help the homeless, although some people are homeless due to their own wishes, there are many people on the streets that do not choose to live as they do. People are homeless because they may have lost their jobs, evicted from their homes, teenagers that run away from families and teenagers that are thrown away by families who no longer want them. Every year, nearly twenty seven thousa...

Oceanic Mythology

Oceanic Mythology Two classical cultures, Rome and Greece, both ar well known to the world. Their mythology especially, because elements of their folk baloneys shape modern society. But, what about mythology originating in former(a) parts of the world? Why are Roman and Greek culture such important sources of folklore? Seemingly unheard of stories from other regions of the earth result rich culture that hasnt diffused into modern culture as well as Greek culture yet provide intriguing stories on piece life.Specifically, in Oceanic regions such as Polynesia and Melanesia h gaga stories have een told for hundreds of generations that are intimately unknown in Western culture (Wikipedia). Its a travesty that such interesting tales of Oceanic life havent become important to the rest of the world, but fortunately in these is acress they have importance. In Oceania, particularly in the area of Polynesia naval quite a little trustd that Forever, Darkness, and the Sea have always exi sted (Pantheon). Scholars believe that worldly concern basic migrated to Polynesia from Southeast Asia about 2,000 years ago.These people carried with them their mythological traditions about events, deities, and heroes (mythencyclopedia). And thus, a tale of creation was cooked up. The tale starts with a giant Spider finding a giant clam, and crawling inside of it. It was extremely dark inside of the clam, but the rover managed to find a snail inside of the clam. The bird of passage asked the snail to open the shell a bit, because it was so dark. The snail cracked open the mouth of the clam, and it became the lunar month shedding some light in the pure darkness.Another snail came to help the spider push the top of the clams shell open further, and the sky was created, (and referred to as goddess Rangi). The spider then pushed open on the bottom of the shell, and the earth was reated, (referred to as a god, Papa). This is one version of the spirit level that it told throughout Oceania. The other version of this story tells that a supreme deity (Usually Po or 10) creates everything. Both versions however tell that Papa and Rangi create plants and animals, and Papa Earth was a goddess, and Rangi Sky, a god, sister and brother. They cohabited and produced the first ancestors of all mankind (pantheon).Mote-Yale In some islands in Oceania, a story tells that the earth was created after a rock fell into the sea, while other regions believe that a butterfly created earth from the sea. The stories vary due to location. For instance, in Tahitian mythology, the supreme creator deity was Taaroa who was born from a cosmic egg. He alter the world with all the creatures and things that are now found in it. Some Tahitians believed in Taaro granting supreme miracles, yet similarly being reason terrible things feel on Most islands located in Oceania however, base their mythology off of the same Gods.Haumia god of plants and vegetables, Tane god of forests, Tu god of w ar, Lono god of heavens, and Pele god of fire are clean a few that reoccur throughout the history of Ocanias mythology. (Mythencyclopedia). It seems to be a pattern that the civilizations near the ocean have creation myths all involving the sea. Just as areas with a good deal of snow would have romances regarding snow, and places with lots of trees would have tales about nature. Goddess, Rangi (ssqq) Moving onto different islands of Polynesia, the small islands of Samoa have many tales that provide morals and lessons to everyday life, including The Tree of Life (nzetc. ictoria. ac. nz). The story follows a Samoan woman Leutogitupaitea who marries Mote-Yale the king of Tonga. The Tongan king was previously married to a Tonagan woman, and they had a child together. The kings new wife was unable to conceive, and in a jealous rage murdered the baby. The kings Tongan wife came to realize what happened, and later the king was inform. The King on being informed of the happening say the people to gather firewood and to burn the woman who had killed his child. He ordered her to be placed in the fork of a Fetau tree and the wood to be piled full(prenominal) round the tree.This was done and the fire lighted. The flames ascended and the woman was about to be consumed when thousands of flying foxes flew ver the fire and urinating on it extinguished the flames. The King then decided that the womans life would be spared and he said, this tree shall be called the Fork of Life, for a womans life was saved on it. I give back the woman her life, but she shall be taken to a desert Island and left on that point (nzetc. victoria. ac. nz) Another tale told in Samoan culture is the The Long Toothed Devil of Falelima.People of Falelima, a small crossroads in Samoa, told stories of a devil with long pointy teeth. The story tells that the devil (Nifoloa) died and that his teeth continued to grow and ventually grew into the near Island of Upolu. People were apparently bitten by them as they continued to grow. The people all had strange sores that seemed to disappear after a while. These people who were bitten were referred to as Nifoloa (nzetc. victoria. ac. nz). Additionally, the people of Samoa tell a story about fire being brought to the islands. accord to the ledged, there was a long period of time in Somas history where there was no fire (hem. passagen. se). Tietie, an orphaned boy made the discovery of fire on the island inside of a cave where the earthquake god, Mafuie resided. He had discovered the fire when stumbling across Mafuie roasting a hog and stealing some him, Tietie grasped him by the progress with such strength that it twisted off mLet me go he cried. Let me go and I will give you my hundred wives. 0 l dont ask your wives, Tietie responded. l want some fire. Let me take it with me or Ill twist your other arm Take it answered Mafuie, giving in. If it goes out, you can rekindle it by pass two pieces of wood together. (hem. passagen. se) In the Far East region of Polynesia, Easter Island harvests many mysteries to the orld today. The island is almost midway between Chile and Tahiti, and discovered to be almost entirely made of volcanic rock (crystalinks). On the island, many stone statues/fgures (Moat) can be seen along the coastlines and in completely empty land.The Moat figures are usually what people associate with Easter Island. The Rapa Nuis people (natives to the island) carved them thousands of years ago (wikipedia). The fgures were often carved to honor a god or ancestor, and they served as a status symbol (wikipedia). It was believed that the sustainment had a symbiotic elationship with the dead where the dead provided everything that the living needed (health, fertility of land and animals, fortune etc. ) and the living through offerings provided the dead with a better place in the spirit world. (wikipedia) Easter Island Moat statues (deitchman)On the mysterious land, the origin of Easter Island is su pposedly the Legend of Hotu Matua (crystalinks). According to the story, Hotu Matua was the first settler to Easter Island. Hotu Matua traveled to the island on a canoe with a colonizing party and made the island his kingdom, with his sons preceding him (wikipedia). The island was ruled for 1000 years by Matuas descendants, until Dutch explorers found the land in 1722 and claimed it for themselves, as white people usually do (wikipedia). There is considerable uncertainty about the accuracy of this legend as well as the date of settlement. Published literature suggests the island was settled around 300-400 CE, or at about the time of the arrival of the earliest settlers in Hawaiim (wikipedia). As far as deities and gods of the Rapa Nuis culture, the most powerful and prominent is the Make-Make god. On Rapanui (Easter Island) people believed in a ariety of god or atua, most prominent among the atua was the former God, Make- the creator of life to the Rapa Nuis people.His followers wo rshipped him through sea birds, because they believed his soul was reincarnated into them (astrology. richardbrown). His symbol was a man with bird like features, and he can be seen carved into various Moat on the island. Make-makes symbol carved onto volcanic rock in Easter Island. In Melanesia, Just north of New Zealand, the islands of Fiji were formed through volcanic activity that began 150 million years ago (wikipedia). Oral story-telling is a opular and important pastime in Fiji that helps to keep alive the myths from the old religion, as well as legends about more modern fgures in Fijis history (go-flJi).One of the most told Fijian myth is their creation myth. A snake god, Degei had only a hawk as a friend. One day the hawk disappears and Degei becomes very lonely. He goes out in search for his friend, and comes across her birds nest. There were two deserted eggs left alone in the nest, so Degei took them to raise as his own. After weeks of nesting, the eggs finally hatched. To Degeis surprise, not two bird, but two humans emerged from the eggs. Degei raised the humans, grew vegetation in order to feed them and told them stories that revealed the nature of all things (go-flJi).Later, whilst swimming in the ocean Degei stumbled across a tiny piece of land and created the village of Viseisei for the humans. This is believed to be the first Fijian settlement. He then creates the surrounding islands of Viti Levu, where he still remains in a cave. Degei waits in his cave for other souls to pass through, and he will either send them to paradise or into a deep dark lake to await punishment (go-flJi). Snake God Degei (Indianweekender) off from its sweet tales of creation, Fiji also has a bit of a dark past.The island was flooded with cannibalistic tribes in the mid-nineteenth century, most notoriously Ratu Udre Udres (go-flJi). He notably continued the rule cannibalism through Fijis ceding to Great Britain, and ate nearly 900 people. The legends tell that af ter Udre Udre had been killed and buried, he had 872 stones placed around his tomb representing all of the people he had eaten. In conclusion, the Oceanic world is a complex one. With rich and diverse cultures thriving in tiny islands only miles away from one another. The archipelagos in Polynesia have generally the same tales of creation, and the same gods.Melanesia compares greatly to Polynesian culture, with a few exceptions. With these shared beliefs and traditions, Oceanic life has united culture and history. The stories and legends of Fiji, Easter Island, Tahiti and Samoa are perhaps seldom ever passed onto other regions because of their location. These islands are almost isolated from the rest of world, so how could stories travel so far over thousands of miles of ocean? Other areas of the world also do not share much in common with these islands like rt and weather, which makes their stories not relatable.But maybe, its for the better. If there were no diversity and culture in the world, there would be no point of different continents. It would be almost like Pangaea all over again. Different languages, foods, clothing, weather, technology, and architecture are what keeps the world so interesting and outlay living in. If we already knew everything life had in store for us,

Democratic Values- Dbq

Democratic values ar the fundamental beliefs that founded the United States and represent the ticker of America. Throughout history, many reform movements sought to plump these strong values that represent the unity among Americans through life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. The magnification of these principles can be particularly seen through the time period of 1825-1850, where much change was beginning to occur. While all of these reforms sought to expand the democratic ideals, only certain movements succeeded and presented the deserved independence of in good orders to all.Movements involving religion, juvenile institutions, and womens rights supported and expanded upon these ideals while other aspects such as temperance and utopianism failed to offer the true meaning. Foremost, the Second Great Awakening, a sacred revival, helped to expand democratic ideals by raising the standards and morals of the common man. Charles G. Finney believed that if people focused o n religion and the church then the reformation and salvation of sinners get out follow, (Doc B).He said that it would also lead to the conversion of many diverse people including harlots, drunkards, and infidels, due to reforms in the church. With the belief that goodness led to salvation, many people in the communities were surrounded by good deeds for humanity. It offered a more uplifting view upon life where, the rich have many troubles which we know nonhing of and that the poor, if they are but good, may be very happy, indeed (Doc E). Along with equality and goodness among others, the reforms of prisons and treatment of the mentally ill were also changing through Dorthea Dix.The benefits of these reforms where seen by rescuing the prisoners from vice and rendering them valuable members of society, (Doc A). Another very important reform was the beginning of the womens movement where they desired increased freedom to declare our right to be as free as man is free, (Doc I). All o f these reforms succeeded in expanding democratic ideas and aimed to make better institutions and democracy overall. Furthermore, the reformation of temperance tried to expand democratic ideals but failed because it tried to control the public and restrict their freedoms of drinking.The picture titled The Drunkard Progress From First Glass to the Grave, presents a long cognitive process on how alcohol tore families apart and aimed at trying to force better moral judgment upon people, (Doc H). Although temperance was ultimately a matter of get out power, more people were beginning to express their views upon different aspects. Also, the Brooke Park Farm Association represented unity through people but in a different way then the true fundamental beliefs do through Americans.They formed their society in order to guarantee to each other ever the means of physical support, and of spiritual progress (Doc F). No self-proclaimed utopian society has ever survived because they tried to em brace the forced unification of different individuals. Overall, the movements involving temperance and utopianism did not expand ideas due to strict governing, while the reforms involving religion, institutions, and womens rights succeeded because they helped expand democratic ideals in that they desired increased rights.

Family issues becoming social problems Essay

Family, as what sociologists address, is a social institution. Families argon shaped by the family members personality. Individual members affect their relationship that is greatly influenced by experience. Families argon also affected with the other social institution in the society like law, religion and education. Thus, families are subject to changes whether these changes gave advant dates and disadvantages, the family has to cope up and make adjustments. ill to do so will affect society and social problems might a bone. This twist and turns have been quite evident as the time passes by.Single parents, careerist mothers, hit fathers, and live-in partners are blamed as the root cause of many of societys problems that could lead to persistent poverty, drug abuse, academic failure or free youths, and juvenile crime. This can be traced back to the early society that calls for historical perspective(Steven Mintz, 2003). History of the American Family In 1920, majority of American families are the traditional fictional character the father is the breadwinner, the wife is the home-maker and the clawren attend the school.Unwanted pregnancies happened between 1940 and 1958. Families of the 1950s are characterized by increase in birth locate, a stable divorce rate, and the age of marriage decline. During the early and at the middle of the nineteenth century, divorce rate began to rise because of its legislative order to be legalized. Spousal and child abuse gave rise and this can be reflected with the increase in assaults and murders committed against relatives and family members. Highest divorce cases happened at the beginning of the twentieth century.Single parenting, children in orphanage, infant mortality and early widowhood are the other changes happened in the past years(Steven Mintz, 2003). Family issues becoming social problem Divorce and single parenting From the point of view of some, divorce is an indication of failure of American family. further f or others, it is viewed as a sign of freedom from men that women do enjoy. After World War II, it is documented that the rate of divorce increased and these may be an indication of the changing views and role of women in the society and their need to be free from social and financial dependence upon men.However, the dramatic increase of divorce rate has greatly affect the economical and social stability experienced by most of the divorced women that caused social problem for the economic well-being of the divorced women and the children are highly compromised. On average, women earn less income than men, households that headed by the divorced women are further disadvantaged, also, the lack of adequate and consistent child support added to the economic predicament of divorced women (Dennis L. Peck).Spousal AbuseAmong the cause of violence between couples are incompatibility between them which they observed after the marriage and such difference arises when in that respect is great disagreement and animosity between them, the couple is under stress and frustration therefore burst it out to one another and lastly, if the wife is a masochist or very awkward or very provocative(Rudi Dallos). Child abuse and neglect A child that is not proponentful taken cared of, not properly fed, deprived of basic necessities, proper medical care and treatment, and too much physical abuse is a violation to the childs welfare and is considered as a criminal behavior.Juvenile Delinquency According to a study, broken homes are associated with juvenile delinquency. Levels of juvenile delinquency were much higher in teenagers life history with single fathers and lowest among teenagers living with both parents and one of the suggestive reasons for this is due to inadequate parental involvement in the life of the child. The lack of guidance and the absence of close relationships between the child and parents contributed to the causes of the delinquency(Crystal L. Murry).Financial stress Financial stress can directly and indirectly affect children because it increases parental mental and emotional distress, which limits a parents capability to respond sensitively and consistently to their childrens call for. More specifically, parents that are more commonly observed among low-income populations have behaviors of parental harshness, non-responsiveness, and discrimination and are assumed to arise in part from the high levels of parental stress that accompany poverty.Parents having low income have the tendency to fail to express their warmness and fail to respond to their childs needs. (H. Abigail Raikes). Gay and Lesbian Families Sigmund Freud viewed homo turn onuality as a disturbed psychosexual development wherein the social orientation of the child is due to its relationship with his or her parents. Psychologists, as well as other professionals form other disciplines such as endocrinology and genetics have studied and discovered other possible causes of h omosexuality (Dennis L. Peck).Before, same-sex families were inconceivable. However, in 1980s, the situation began to change and have changed the views of family life for gays and lesbians. Due to socioeconomic independence of women of lesbian families, the medical advances of in-vitro fertilization and sex transplant, acceptance of gays and lesbians by adoption agencies and courts, planned gay and lesbian parenting had increased tremendously but during the late 1980s and early 1990s, there was argument just about same-sex families, particularly child-rearing by gays and lesbians.Solutions to Problems Having time for the family will be helpful in strengthening the family and businesses providing flexible working schedule will be of great help. The power of media has great influence on the youth therefore, they should make effort on portraying positive views on marriage and valuing education. The parents should be attentive to their childs learning in and out of school. No-fault div orce legislation establishes conjugal property that should be divided by both parties, assigning the childs custody, and accolade alimony.Open communication is important so that problems and conflicts can be addressed within the members of the family. Nowadays, it is acceptable that both parents are working to support the financial needs of the family but make sure that there is still time for relaxation and bonding of the family members especially during special occasions. There are also government agencies, redress company, law firms and consultants that provide legal and financial support for the child, spouse and elder that are victims of domestic violence.

Comparing blake’s london and wordsworths unpon west minster bridge Essay

How do the poets use Structure, language and form in the two poems to help present their visions of capital of the United Kingdom?William Blakes capital of the United Kingdom 1793 and William Wordsworths constitute upon Westminster Bridge 1802 stage two contrasting views of London. Having both been written in the Romantic period, the two poets use their personal experience of London to illustrate the divergent visions of the city. Wordsworth adopted the Petrarchan pattern (abba abba cdcdcd) to create his flowing sonnet that describes the silent, undying beauty of London the intimacy with his description could be inspired by classical poets much(prenominal) as Horaz, Virgil and Ovid. Blake however hardened to use a more harsh approach, delivering his dramatic reality of the dejected city. The two poems hold an expressive passion end-to-end and both have a deeper inner meaning than whats seen at surface value.At a first glance, these two poems seem the complete opposite. atomic nu mber 53 compliments the natural beauty of London whilst the other only states the traumatic situations faced by means of a sinister, dark city. This style could have been inspired by Blakes surrounding of the French revolution which was imminent over London, theres a possibility that the murder and violence could have encouraged Blake to conk his reality of the capital in the 18th century. Despite the obvious differences, the techniques and narrative set out by both poets are similar. Both Blake and Wordsworth chose to underline their visions of London by using some sort of rhyming scheme and iambs to manipulate the sounds and rhythm.Wordsworths undoubted admiration of London is expressed through his constant use of beauteous praises. He masters a faint use of a strange paradox through the first lines saying earth has nothing more average which exemplifies a tranquil, natural beauty, undisturbed by the obvious industrial city. The paradox having been established at the beginning of the octave stating the impossible unity of both a natural beauty and industrial development is explained towards the end through the line, like a garment, wear. This reveals that the city is wearing the natural beauty of the morning kind of than being it. This structural technique continues in his next lines completing his paradoxical image. The point that the city is bare relates back to the first contradiction by suggesting that London wears the smokeless air that is the fair beauty. Wordsworth uses the petrarchan pattern to compliment the image of the uninterrupted London.The poets emotion filled description of a motionless London implies that he rather prefers a non-industrializing, natural capital compared to the nineteenth centuries bustling metropolis. In his sestet (cdcdcd) the poet emphasizes the connection of whole poem has and how it coheres well together. He does this by using the sestet- steep, deep, asleep- to arrive at attention to that fact that the city is i nvalid in the way that the commerce of London has not yet awaken but is asleep. He keeps this in disposition whilst still stating that the fact of the matter is, the city is more alive through its natural presence. The way he describes the river glideth at his own sweet will gives the referee a sense of undisturbed freedom and also relates to the poets overflowing, relentless and poignant description.Wordsworth creates a more flattering image of London when he explains how the cheer has lightened it perfectly, neer did the sun more beautifully steep.The line in his first splendour, makes the poet appear to be referring to god through his supposedly absent minded call down of his but hes not because previously he mentioned that the never had the sun more beautifully steep.This makes sense as the idea of the sun steeping gracefully over London ties in with the poems overall goal to exploit the capital as some sort of wonderful place however the bushed(p) image of the originator who created valley, rock, or hill formulate the idea that Wordsworth is talking about god as having the first insight into the capital and how it hasnt changed through his eyes, looking past the ships, towers, domes, theatres and temples. Thus creating a more colloquial style of writing however there is the fact that this poem was written in the 19th century where everyone would have believed in god. This idea could be the underlining of the word sun.I believe that Wordsworths sole adopted style is gleam and poetic, he holds a passion for the topics he chooses to write about which flatter his nature inspired manner. Other poems by Wordsworth which support my supposition are I wander lonely as a cloud and Three years she grew in Sun and Shower.In the 4th stanza the tone of the poem absolutely changes into an ominous low mood with a lingering and menacing spell. The word most has a lasting significance in the line as it institutes the fact that prostitution is causing this wild midn ight rush. The changed tone of the poem and the imagery created in this stanza stands out as a dramatic close the blatantly sorrow-filled poem. Adding to the sharpness of the jaundice ending, the tone that is usually poetic with a bouncy rhythm has stopped delivering the full force of what Blake calls reality.

Isaac Newton

think a world with no concept of gravity, a world that knows not what forces affect a moving body, a world that does not understand the science affecting light and a world without calculus. Imagine a world without one of its greatest minds, Sir Isaac newton. Sir Isaac north is neither a mathematician nor a scientist, he is neither an astronomer nor a chemist, he is all of these compressed into one genius.His dresss have greatly contributed to the advancement of the sciences and civilized society as a whole. Present day natural and chemical sciences including mathematics willing not be the same without his ideas. To pay homage to a man this great, let us study his life and his legacies, let us delve into his mind, get wind his past, learn a little about his childhood and make sure that he is not forgotten in the annals of history.Isaac atomic number 7 was born prematurely on Christmas day 1642 (4 January 1643, Gregorian calendar) in Woolsthorpe in Lincolnshire. He came from a family of farmers but never knew his father, also named Isaac Newton, who died in October 1642, three months before his son was born. When he was barely three years old Newtons mother, Hanna Ayscough placed her first born with his grandmother Margery Ayscough at Woolsthorpe in order to remarry and raise a wink family with Barnabas Smith, a wealthy minister from nearby North Witham (Hatch, 2002).Basically treated as an orphan, Isaac did not have a happy childhood, he felt in truth bitter towards his mother and his step-father Barnabas Smith, proof of which he wrote as among his sins at age nineteen-Threatening my father and mother Smith to burn them and the house everyplace them.Isaac began attending the Free Grammar School in Grantham but shown little promise in academic work.. His mother thought that her eldest son was the right soulfulness to manage her affairs and her estate so Isaac was taken away from school but fortunately showed that he had no talent or interest in managi ng an estate.Isaac was allowed to return to the Free Grammar School in Grantham in 1660 to complete his school education and entered his uncles old College, Trinity College Cambridge, on 5 June 1661. Newtons aim at Cambridge was a virtue degree but nevertheless Newton canvas the philosophy of Descartes, Gassendi, Hobbes, and in particular Boyle. The mechanics of the Copernican astronomy of Galileo attracted him and he also studied Keplers Optics. He recorded his thoughts in a book which he entitled Quaestiones Quaedam Philosophicae (Certain Philosophical Questions) (Robertson, 2000).In 1665 Newton took his bachelors degree at Cambridge without honors or distinction. The university closed for the conterminous two years because of plague so Newton returned to Woolsthorpe in midyear. There, in the following 18 months, he made a series of original contributions to science. He himself admitted thatAll this was in the two plague years of 1665 and 1666, for in those days I was in my pri me of age for invention, and minded mathematics and philosophy much than at any time since.In mathematics Newton conceived his method of fluxions (infinitesimal calculus), laid the foundations for his theory of light and color, and achieved significant insight into the problem of planetary motion, insights that last led to the publication of his Principia (1687). There, in a period of less than two years, while Newton was still under 25 years old, he began rotatory advances in mathematics, optics, physics, and astronomy (Hatch, 2002).In April 1667, Newton returned to Cambridge and was take a minor fellow at Trinity. In the next year he became a major(postnominal) fellow upon taking his master of arts degree, and in 1669 he succeeded Isaac Barrow as Lucasian Professor of Mathematics.From this point until 1678, Newton published two papers which harmonise to Robert Hooke were plagiarized and were taken from his research, this led to several arguments between the two but as histor y would have it, society favored the older more breakable Robert Hooke. In 1678, the blow of this controversy caused Newton to suffer a serious breakdown and the year immediately after, his mother died. These past events took its toll on Newton, he cut off himself from others and started to engross himself in alchemical research.In 1687, with the support of his friend the astronomer Edmond Halley, Newton published his single greatest work, the Philosophiae instinctiveis Principia Mathematica (Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy). This literature showed how a universal force, gravity, applied to all objects in all parts of the universe (Hatch, 2002).In 1689, Newton was elected MP for Cambridge University and eventually was decreed warden of the Royal Mint, settling in London in 1696. He took his duties at the Mint very seriously and campaigned against corruption and inefficiency within the organization. In 1703, he was elected president of the Royal Society, an office h e held until his death. He was knighted in 1705. By the early 1700s Newton was the dominant figure in British and European science. He died on March 20, 1727 (31 March, Gregorian) in London, England and was buried in Westminster Abbey (BBC.co.uk).After his burial, he was exhumed so he could be buried in a more tumid location in Westminster Abbey and in this process it was discovered that Newton had large amounts of mercury in his body, probably as a direct result of his alchemical experiments. Exposure to large amounts of mercury may explain Newtons eccentricity in his latter years, as well as his cause of death (Conservapedia, 2007).Newtons contributions to the sciences involve the fields of optics, mathematics, mechanics, gravitation, chemistry and alchemy.In the field of Optics, he discovered measurable, mathematical patterns in the phenomenon of color. He found ovalbumin light to be a mixture of infinitely varied colored rays (manifest in the rainbow and the spectrum), each ra y definable by the angle through which it is refracted on entering or leaving a given transparent medium(Hall). He correlated this notion with his study of the interference colors of thin films using a bare(a) technique of extreme acuity to measure the thickness of such films. He held that light consisted of streams of minute particles. From his experiments he could infer the magnitudes of the transparent corpuscles forming the surfaces of bodies, which, according to their dimensions, so interacted with white light as to reflect, selectively, the different observed colors of those surfaces (Hall).In Mathematics, Newton made contributions to all its branches, but is especially famous for his solutions to the contemporary problems in uninflected geometry of drawing tangents to curves (differentiation) and defining areas bounded by curves (integration). Not only did Newton discover that these problems were inverse to each other, but he discovered general methods of solving problems of curvature, embraced in his method of fluxions and inverse method of fluxions which is later known as calculus (BuddenbrooksInc).In the field of mechanics and gravitation, Newton published his greatest work the Philosophiae naturalis principia mathematica (Principia) arguably the greatest scientific book ever written. The Principia, composed of several peoples, states the foundations of the science of mechanics, developing upon them the mathematics of orbital motion round centers of force. A volume discussed the theory of fluids Newton solves problems of fluids in movement and of motion through fluids. From the density of air he calculated the speed of sound waves. Another volume showed the law of gravitation at work in the universeNewton demonstrates it from the revolutions of the six known planets, including the worldly concern, and their satellites. However, he could never quite perfect the difficult theory of the Moons motion. Comets were shown to attend the same lawIn lat er editions, Newton added conjectures on the possibility of their return. He calculated the relative masses of heavenly bodies from their gravitational forces, and the oblateness of Earth and Jupiter, already observed. He explained tidal ebb and flow and the precession of the equinoxes from the forces exerted by the Sun and Moon. All this was done by exact computation (Hall).Despite his genius, Newton was a complicated man. He would suffer emotional breakdowns and would engage other scientists in arguments, he would also cut himself off from the rest of the world and go into seclusion. The world has also seen, during his fight with Leibniz, what great lengths he would employ to come out on top. These small things may be attributed to the fact that at more or less points in his life the world seemed to act in consonance and revolted against him, however, neither criticism nor accusations could suppress his genius. All throughout his life, he kept his secret arm he had an incompara ble passion for learning.REFERENCESBBC.co.uk. Isaac Newton. Retrieved December 8, 2007, from http//www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/newton_isaac.shtmlBuddenbrooksInc. Sir Isaac Newtons Invention of the Calculus Fluxions and Infinite SeriesThe Important First Edition. Retrieved December 8, 2007, from http//www.polybiblio.com/bud/19178.htmlConservapedia (2007, November 8). Isaac Newton. Retrieved December 8, 2007, from http//www.conservapedia.com/Isaac_NewtonHall, Alfred Rupert. Isaac Newtons Life. Retrieved December 8, 2007, from http//www.newton.cam.ac.uk/newtlife.htmlHatch, Robert (2002). Isaac Newton. Retrieved, December 8, 2007, from http//www.clas.ufl.edu/users/rhatch/pages/01-Courses/current-courses/08sr-newton.htmRobertson, E.F. and J. J. OConnor (2000 January). Sir Isaac Newton. Retrieved December 8, 2007, from http//www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/history/Biographies/Newton.htmlThe Newton Project. Newtons Life and Work at a Glance. Retrieved December 8, 2007, from htt p//www.newtonproject.sussex.ac.uk/prism.php?id=15

Nano Technology in Oil Industry Essay

IntroductionNanotech lotions & Nanoparticles have been successfully used in drilling mud for the lastly 40-50 years. Recently the other disciplines of the cover industry, such as exploration, primary and assisted labor, monitor, refining and distribution, atomic number 18 go up nanotechnologies due to its immense Potential for Confronting challenges, performance approach & cost. Especially in ultra-deep water and artic environments, Severe germ conditions (high-temperature and high-pressure formations), non pompous resources of energy,Heavy oils, tight throttle valve, tar sandsreservoirs)Present nanotech applications in oil industryMost of the major oil and service companies, such as BP, ConocoPhillips, Shell, Total and Schlumberger.done research in exploiting nanotechnologies to improve oil and gas production. Developing sub go forth micro- and nanosensors that could be injected in oil and gas wellbores & identification of nanotech potentialities applied to EOR issues. Rec ent published results speak about Single-Walled-Carbon-Nano Tube (SWNT) / Silica nanohybrids, active at the fluid interface, if delivered at the O/W interface, would fight and modify the oil properties to increase oil mobilization, hence oil retrieval. Researchers ars analysing the potential benefits derived by the application of nanomaterials, nanofluids and nanomembranes in oil industry. Sensors Nanomaterials ar unparallelled tools for the development of sensors and imaging-contrast agents due to the material alterations in their optical, magnetic and electrical properties, along with their ability to form (electrically and/or geometrically) percolated structures at low volume fractions. Such nanomaterials, when combined with smart fluids, can be used as extremely sensitive down hole sensors for temperature, pressure and stress even under extreme conditions.The ultimate evolution of instruments for oil prospects is perceived to be nanorobots, which should really provide an effe ctive mapping of the reservoir. Nanorobots however remain a dream,shared by the medical and oil sectors. But advances in nanosensors miniaturization are becoming a reality. Coatings A corrosion-resistant material solution represented by nanometric thin filmsand composites with nanostructured fillers are in the advanced stage. corrosion-resistant materials are the just ready to gamble nanotechnology-based applications,due to its relatively low risk, high effectiveness and low complexity. Nanocoated, wear-resistant probes, made of tungsten carbide or boron nitride, enhance the life span and efficiency of the drilling systems. The like applies to the nano-layered corrosion inhibitors in pipes or tanks, which creates a permanent molecular coating on the surface of metals, eliminating corrosion. Nanofluids and nanomaterials for drilling and completion Nanotechnology has opened the development of smart fluids for drilling, production and stimulation applications.Nanofluids and nano-ba sed additives exhibit major advancement by enhanced drilling by adding benefits like wettability alteration, improved drag reduction and sand consolidation. A narrow petroleum laboratory has developed an advanced fluid mixed with nanosized particles and superfine powder that significantly improves the drilling speed and can eliminate formation suffering in near wellbore zone. With the synthesis of a refreshed breed of elastomeric composites filled with carbon nanotubes or other strongly anisotropic nano-objects, a stronger, tougher and more problematical drilling tools and apparatus will be manufactured in future. These tools will ensure a significant weight reduction and facilitate self-sensing elements to be interrogated for the real-time monitoring of the most critical parts.Another important technique in the development of super-hard materials is the use of nanostructured dispersed-hardened materials .First generation of nanotech applications for improving hydraulic fractur ing are represented by BakerHughess nanostructured metal composites, combined by magnesium, aluminium and other alloys, which offer both strength at lower weight and the ability to dissolve past under certain conditions. Another example is the proppant produced by Oxane Materials, constituted by nano-structured ceramic material which is as strong as but lighter as ceramic proppant. A possible solution for mitigating fines, by nanocrystals for treating hydraulic fracture proppant packs to fix formation fines.Nanotechnology application for reservoir monitoring & for enhanced oil recovery Nanomembranes A new generation of lightweight and strong nanomembranes is being developed and employed, Which will remarkably enhancethe exploitation of tight gas by providing efficient methods for removing impurities, separating gas streams and enabling GTL production. Nanoporous and nanoparticulate materials are also quite encouraging to manage the Health, Safety, Environmental, risks arise due to presence of CO2 and H2S in hydrocarbon mixtures.Nanotechnology application for reservoir monitoring The petroleum sector and the medical visualize the dream of a nanosensor able to provide in-situ information about the systems under analysis. The most complicated and mingled challenge faced by oil industry is that it requires strong technical improvements in injected nano sensors into the reservoir, to face placement and recovery, protection in harsh environments , 3-D location, sensors powering and entropy storage & retrieving. For example, the quantity of oil present in a reservoir could be assessed based on the total of material lost or contain during the travel time, or the extreme conditions (temperature, pressure, salinity gradient) at which the nanoparticles were exposed and for how long, could be determined. The idea can be to pump nano-sensors in the reservoir periodically so as to regularly monitor changes in the well/field conditions.In turn, this could result in enh anced production efficiency.Several possible applications and exploitation schemes are presently under study with nano-devices injected into a reservoir. A novel paramagnetic nanoparticles into proppant structures together with these smart proppant could help in mapping the fracture efficiency using perceptible contrast agents. Further nanoparticles could preferably segregate into different fluid portions, hence providing enhanced characterization of the reservoir and, fianlly , improved oil recovery,due to their miniscule dimensions, increased surface area and high mobility. Nanotechnology application for enhanced oil recovery The greatest challenge at present is the possibility of increasing the efficiency of hydrocarbon production, both by improving the current EOR methodologies and by developing alternative technologies.The current researches indicate the new generation nano-agents should modify the properties of the injected fluid, in terms of viscosity, density, thermal condu ctivity and specific heat and modify the fluid-rock interaction properties, .The use of two different types of polysilicon nanoparticles (one nanometer-scale) in oil fieldsimproves wettability, to enhance water injection and improve oil recovery. The application of paramagnetic nanoparticles for EOR , possess a unique combination of fluidity and capability to interact with a magnetic field. The addition of a surfactant would greatly rivet the interfacial tension in waterwet reservoirs due to the presence of a dipole moment.The reservoir fluid molecules align, thus reducing the resistance to flow. ConocoPhillips, aims at creating a new class of polymer-type nanoparticles that can be incorporated with EOR injection fluids to improve hydrocarbon recovery by penetrating small pore throats without being trapped and hence the amount of expensive injection can be decreased.The University of Alaska Fairbanks investigated The possibility of improving gas injection for the Alaska North Slop e heavy oil recovery. Metal nanoparticles. reduce the viscosity of the heavy oil. Using super critical CO2 and Viscosity ReducingInjectant (VRI) saturated by nanoparticles, exploit the thermal properties of nanoparticles for improved heat transfer to heavy oil explore the effects of Poly Di Methyl Siloxane and metal nanoparticles on density and viscosity for reducing mobility and viscous fingering Phenomena . When dealing with extremely low permeability reservoirs, conventional approaches to water flooding cannot provide recovery factors greater than 0.2. This is mainly due to capillary forces which are very strong in narrow pore channels. With low-permeability reservoir rocks, the level of purity and filtration of injected water is one of the most important issues for a significant oil recovery.With rocks characterized by a permeability of 0.1 m2 the recovery factor deviates from an medium of 0.4 by less than 10% if particulates in injected water are smaller than 200 nm. Neverthel ess, with a rock permeability of 0.05 m2 the recovery factor is dramatically approaching zero with the same particle ssize. A traditional water flooding technique is obviously unproductive in this latter case, unless water is filtered and purified of particulates down to at least 100 nm. Innovative water nano-filters are to be specially designed both to ensure uniform pore throats and the ability to recovery tens of billions of rafts of oil. Some feel that oil is essentially a nanoliquid, with asphaltenes being the dominant part, flowing in a micro and often nanoscopic environment (i.e., the porous media). tally to that,it seems justifiable to consider most of the oil and gas production technologies, reservoir treatments andstimulation as nanotechnologies. Under this point of view, current petroleum science is relying on the study and control of physical chemic phenomena occurring at the nanometer scale and the ability to correctly model the reservoir flow plays an important role. However, a competent tool to reliably describe coupled phenomena is still missing. The present approach being discussed is, for creating nanorobots to monitor individual pores and channels and hydrocarbon flow, exchange information and identify zones which heighten the extraction or the injection of water.CONCLUSIONNanotechnology Application to the oil industry has an immense potential & benefits. Some applications are already available,while others could come from Complementing the solutions developed for the biomedical, automotive, aerospace, chemical and, textile Industries. Well drilling, fracturing and cementing as well as new generation membranes for gas separation already rely on nanotech solutions. At present efforts are being made to design nano-sensors for reservoir characterization and monitoring and to produce nano-fluids for improving EOR processes. Promising results have been obtained from laboratory experiment, but field tests are still in progress..The future of n anotechnology applications is remarkable.

Analyze Africa’s actions and reacions during European scramble for Africa DBQ Essay

When the Europeans scrambled to colonize Africa, the re challenges of the natives was progressively more apprehensive. At first the natives found that they could be peaceful with this impertinent new white man. Soon after, though, they found that these new men mistreated and cheated them greatly, and had superior military technology. Given these new conditions of the transactionhip the Africans decided it was in their trump interest to take up arms against the Europeans and try to rid themselves of the harmful White part.In the beginning of the European- African relationship we see much grounds of civil exchanges, though the Africans seem to be apprehensive of complete European rule. From atomic number 101ument1 we see that the African rulers signed contracts with the Royal Niger company, allowing the British government to utilize the Niger river delta. This system upheld that the British could utilize this land for their economic needs, as long as the African rulers received a portion of the riches acquired. There was an original willingness to via media with the White Man, but soon after, the Europeans began to get greedy.We see this when the ruler of Ashanti wrote the Queen of England, declining her offer to add the clan to her empire, though they would like to remain friendly with them ( Doc 2). This wish for peace with the Europeans did not last long after this document was written. We see other evidence of European greed for land when Menelik II, emperor of Ethiopia send a letter to Great Britian, France, Germany, Italy, and Russia (Doc 3). He stated that the Europeans simply could not split Africa because that would upset the strong Christian values of the region, and that the rule of the land must(prenominal) be seated in Africa. Though strongly worded, this letter remained civil with the Europeans and showed no signs of violence towards them. This was soon to change, though.Soon after the Europeans began settling among the peoples of Africa, t he natives saw their aline colors. One account by a veteran of the Ndebele Rebellion against the British told of how the people were treated like slaves. This account told of violence, derision, humiliation, and rape (Doc 4). Another account from a Mojimba African chief described the British attacks upon the village. The chief recounted that after hiding out in theforest for the duration of the attack, they returned to our brothers, pulseless, bleeding, our village plundered and burned, and the river full of dead bo dashs(Doc 9). Other accounts of more mild wrongdoings. An Ashanti queen spoke to other chiefs of their Kings being taken away (Doc6). Many of these injustices performed against the Africans caused an uprising in their society several tribes began to utilize to violence.As European violence increased, the Africans began to seek ways to take action against them. Yaa Asantewi, Ashanti queen mother, gave a speech to chiefs stating that if the men did not begin to take ac tion against the European violence soon, the women would begin the fight the White Man themselves. This is quite significant because women were considered second class citizens, weak people who did nothing but the childlike tasks in life. The Herero people also were compelled to take up arms against the Germans invading South-West Africa. In a letter he wrote Let us die fighting rather than die as a result of maltreatment, imprisonment, or some other calamity. Tell all the chiefs down there to rise and do battle(Doc 7). Finally, artwork can be analyzed from the uprisings against Europeans such as the Italians. Document 5 depicts the Battle of Adova, where the Ethiopians were successful in rising against the Italian parade trying to take over the region. Most relations between the Africans and Europeans ended in hostile revolutions organized by the native tribes, trying to rid themselves of the awed White Mans rule.Though they were not successful in ridding themselves of the Europ eans until much later, the Africans put up a fight to get the White Man who oppressed them out of their land, after he charmed them with his false pretenses. Another supplemental document that may be used to analyze these two groups is an invite out from the book Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe. This work of literature depicts the story of a revered tribesman of the Ibo tribe and his relations with the invading European missionaries. Tracing the relations of Europeans and Africans through the provided documents we can see that the relationship was neither extremely tolerant or violent at first, but it progressively became the later.

Case Study Hard Core Cartel

CASE STUDY HARD shopping mall CARTELS trustingness refers to a group of firms producing substitute goods that collude or conspire to increase damages and its own profits, by lowering production and/or sharing markets or customers. Figure 1 below shows examples of recent expenditure fixing cases from various countries. (Figure 1) These industries either have a market structure in which a undersize number of inter-dependent firms dominating the industry, that of a oligopoly, or are firms that is the only seller of a good or service that does not have a close substitute, characteristics of a monopoly.Oligopoly and/or monopoly arise for four main reasons g all overnment restriction to the entry of more than one firm into a market, an individual firm commands harbour over a key resource essential to produce a good, there are externalities in bring outing the good and economies of scale are so large that one firm has a natural monopoly. A monopoly and/or oligopoly push aside prod uce lesser of the goods and charge at a higher price as compared to a competitive market industry producing the same good, due to the need to stay competitive. This commonly leads to lower costs, lower prices, and consumer demanded goods.However, due a market structure like that these industries, price conditions are such that competition is likely to lead to higher prices. Furthermore, governments intervene by regulating these industries and externalities, provide public goods, get a line the use of common resources and reduce income inequality. It is uncommon for monopolies to be fined with the exception, such as Microsoft, for illegal monopolizeric practices. However, fines for companies direct in oligopoly markets that abuse market power through conniving agreements are more common.Traditionally, the power course industries in the European Union have been state-owned monopolies. During the 1990s, countries such as Germany, Sweden and the United Kingdom, privatized these in dustries and imposed price regulating to restrict market power. Power cable industries in Germany are highly competitive market and over the past decades, dramatic changes are observed in the way the government regulated the European economies. Cartel members engaged in market sharing, price setting, bid rigging, coordinated predation and delaying of innovation.Hard core cartels can reduce the economic welfare and consumers surplus because of the manipulation of market prices and/or quantity of goods. Consumer surplus is the divagation between the highest price a consumer is willing to pay for a good and the price the consumer actually pays. (Figure 2) show by Figure 2, consumer surplus is measured by the area below demand curve and in a higher place the market price, P1. Therefore, the higher the market price, the smaller the consumer surplus. By increasing price and reducing the quantity produced, the monopolist reduces economic surplus.This reduction in economic surplus is ca lled deadweight loss, which is a result from a market not being in competitive equilibrium. As indicated in the earlier section, cartels arise in market structures characterized by a small number of inter-dependent firms competing against each other. Factoring in this inter-dependence, the firms can enter a collusive agreement to manipulate market prices in a bid to achieve monopoly prices. While this may be the case, high prices may also be an incentive for the cartelists to breach the agreement by undercutting their rival firms and/or increasing production output, to attract consumers.Cartels can have significant adverse effects on international economy. As with the case of Spains domestic sugar cartel, the firms had detailed price-fixing and collusive agreements (e. g. import and export) that restricted the supply of sugar, in order to achieve maximum monopoly profits. As a result, for many years, Spanish sugar prices were 5 to 9 per cent higher than the rest of Europe. This ill ustrates how cartels can manipulate market prices and exploit the buyers of their products. Since sugar is considered a basic staple, this indirectly constitutes to greater economic loss.

Should the Congress Raised the Driving Limited to 21?

should the congress raised the movement limited to 21? The legal parkway suppurate has been a constant debate and all few years another log is thrown onto the fire. Should we very raise the legal bestride to drive? Would it save lives? Today the driving age is 17 or ever younger . In my opinion is should be raise at least to 21 it could be a good idea to rise the driving age because young device driver ar the primary(prenominal) cause of road death and injuries. Also young drivers drink and drive at the same time. If the driving age is 21 deaths would happen and roads would be safer.What do you think should it be raised in this essay I would tell you why it should be raised to age 21. The Highest death rate for driver is among the age 17. Although 4. 4% of drivers are under the age of 25, but they will cause 13% of sinister crashes People aged 16-19 holding a license was at 41% then went down to 26% Also 16-19 years old per 100,000 driving licenses had rise from 9. 76 deat h to 19. 23 deaths. People taking driving tests world taken is on increase. It often teenagers driving late at night when virtually accident occur.According to the survey accomplished in 2005, twelve teens from sixteen to nineteen years old died every day from motor vehicle accident. Around 6,000 teenage drivers are killed in auto accidents each year. They are four times more likely to be killed in car accidents than any other age group. Some good news would be that it will reduce obesity. Driving encourage the population to be come lazy and obese if you cant drive it will forced to walk instead of being in the car and getting bigger.That is not the case many teen get busy these are three main distractions visual (taking ones eyes off the road), manual (taking ones hands off the wheel), and (takings ones mind away from the driving task) decisions and not taking seriously. In conclusion it should be raised it not safe. A lot of people died each years and the causes are teen are be ing on their cellphone etc Altogether it could be good to raise the driving age to 21 because the roads would be safer and 21 years old are more spring up than 17 year old. The death rate would decrease and the road would safer

Corporate Finance AIG Accounting Scandal Essay

On February 9th, 2006, the SEC and the Justice part settled with AIG for an mensuration in excess of $1. 6B related to alleged improper score, bid rigging (defined by Investopedia as a scheme in which duty organisationes collude so that a competing business give the axe arrest a contract for goods or services at a pre-determined price), and practices involving workers compensation funds. Both the chief executive officer and chief financial officer of AIG were replaced amidst the scandal.This closure ended a 5-year period, beginning in 2001, which tarnished the 80-year old institutions reputation that had shape the worlds largest reinsurers, and include Buffets Berkshire Hathaway as an owner. Several of frauds culprits were convicted of Conspiracy, Securities Fraud, specious Statements to the SEC, and Mail Fraud. Each offender was handed various degrees of penalties, including jail sentences.AIGs CEO Hank Greenberg was left unindicted and appeal the 5th. What led these exec utives down a path that would forever change their c atomic number 18ers and left m whatever convinced that corporations are allowing to go to any extent to satisfy their greed for profits? This paper will turn egress the intricacies of AIGs invoice fraud, and discuss the hypothesis that accounting fraud and early(a) un honest decisions focused on short-term profits are positively correlated to long-term value ending. The corporate scandals are acquire bigger and bigger.In a speech on Wall Street, President Bush spoke out on corporate responsibility, and he warned executives not to cook the books. Afterwards, Martha Stewart said the correct term was to saute the books. Conan OBrien While thither are many techniques to distort the financial condition of a publicly traded company, the around frequent types of improprieties involve revenue science, cost or expense recognition, accounting for reserves, and accounting related to business combinations. Below are the laws that El liot Spitzers prosecution based their AIG fortune on ? ? ? ? ?Using or employing manipulative devices, in connection the purchase or sale of securities Making untrue statement of a hooey fact or to omit to state that a material fact Engaging in any practice or business which operates or would operate as fraud or deceit disproof of accounting records and conformity with GAAP Conspiracy of cardinal or more persons to commit offense or to defraud United States What does this mean in laymans terms? Essentially, AIG improperly accounted for the reinsurance doing to bolster reserves, and detailed numerous other examples of problematic accounting. PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, 2009)For example, AIG booked as income $500 million in reward for the loss portfolio transfer and then added $500 million in reserves against future day claims to its balance sheet. AIG counted the transaction as an insurance relieve oneself it away, but later concluded that, the Gen Re transaction documentati on was improper and, in light of the lack of evidence of risk transfer, the transaction should not have been recorded as insurance. (Hulburt, Ph. D. , H. , 2005) What turns the deal from mistake to blatant fraud was that no underwriting risk transferred in the deal.Instead, the loss portfolio transfer was legally a $500 million loan from Gen Re to AIG that AIG would repay through $500 million in claims payments to Gen Re. (Hulburt, Ph. D. , H. , 2005) In the end, AIGs revised financial statements lowered 2004 net income by $1. 3 billion, or 12%, and reduced 2004 shareholders equity by $2. 3 billion, or 3%. Details of the adjustments required 22 pages in the AIG 2004 10K, which was included into the Annual Report to Shareholders. The restatement reduced net income by more than 10% everyplace the 5-year period. (Verschoor, C. , 2005)Ethics is recognition of the difference between what you have a right to do and what is right to do. Potter Stewart AIGs ending and lack of ethical controls exemplify how the greed of few can impact the value of many. Some have attempted to use this case as an example to SOXs failure to everywherehaul corporate accounting practices. However, in AIGs first report mandated by the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002, a number of material weaknesses in control were disclosed, emphasizing that the first and most extensive weakness was in the ethical finale of AIG or its control environment.The report states verbatim Certain of AIGs controls within its control environment were not effective to prevent sure members of senior management, including the former Chief Executive Officer and former Chief fiscal Officer, from having the ability, which in certain instances was utilized, to override certain controls and effect certain transactions and accounting entries. In certain of these instances, much(prenominal) transactions and accounting entries appear to have been largely motivated to achieve desired accounting results and were not properly accounted for in accordance with GAAP. (McGee, S. , 2005) Specific overrides noted resulted in (1) creation of a peculiar(a) purpose entity to improperly convert underwriting losses to investment losses, (2) improper recording of reinsurance transactions, (3) improper top take adjustments and covered call transactions, and (4) unsupported top level adjustment of loss reserves. (KnowledgeWharton, 2005)Leadership is the capacity and will to rally men and women to a common purpose and the character which inspires confidence. Bernard Montgomery Tom Lins name titled The corporate constitution of iconic executives. explored corporate governance challenges posed by iconic executives such as Hank Greenberg. To better understand the state of AIG, it is beneficial to discuss the iconic executive that led them to water. Hank Greenberg grew up on a New York dairy farm, joined the U. S. Army during World War II, became an Army Ranger, and stormed the strand at Normandy. He attended the U niversity of Miami and New York Law School, where he earned his LLB. As a captain, he received a Bronze Star in the Korean War Greenberg then entered the insurance business in 1952.He became the youngest person to be appointed vice president at the Continental incident Company. As president of AIGs major subsidiary American Home Assurance Company, Greenberg was credited with ontogenesis substantial reinsurance facilities, which allowed insurers who were forced to take unwanted assignments, or bad risks, the opportunity to reinsure those risks. Greenbergs outline enabled American Home to write large quantities of major-risks policies and thus control the pricing of those policies. He established a bottom-line philosophy on underwriting only those companies that made profits.Greenbergs business was successful, aggressive and profitable. Greenberg would acquire companies that were troubled or fighting off takeovers, buying controlling interests in the companies, and ultimately integr ating them into the AIG corporate structure. When AIGs fracture and CEO Cornelius van der Starr died, Green was named to head the company. Two years later AIG went public with Greenberg as the CEO where he would reign with an iron fist, terrorizing underlings, intimidating a compliant board and delivering stunningly impressive pelf for the next 40 years.As Tom Lin described, Iconic executives are complex, bittersweet figures in corporate governance narratives. They are alluring, larger-than-life corporate figures who often govern freely. Iconic executives frequently rule like monarchs over their firms, offering lofty promises to shareholders, directors, and managers under their reign. But like many stories of powerful and influential figures, the narratives of iconic executives in addition contain adversity and danger resulting from excessive deference, overconfidence, and licentiousness. Lin, T. , 2011) Money is like a sixth sense- and you cant make use of the other five without it William Maugham Contemporary economic thought presumes that individuals in a orderliness always act according to their self-interest or private economic fillips, while important ethical motivations for action, such as a concern for others and public interest, are largely ignored. (Kulshreshtha, P. , 2005) As is often the case in accounting cases, the CFO tends to be a central enabler to the fraudulent activities. at that place are two primary schools of thought when attempting to understand the incentive for CFOs to become involved in these ethical dilemmas. The first school of thought states that CFOs may instigate accounting manipulations for immediate personalised financial gain. There also has been research indicating that CFO equity incentives are more important than CEO equity incentives in explaining earnings management, measured by accruals and frequency of meeting earnings benchmarks (Feing, M. , 2011). bodied boards have reduced CFOs incentive compensation after passage of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act in an effort to undermine this conduct. Bhagat, Sanjai Romano, Roberta, 2009) Looking at AIGs share price over the reporting time frame of these actions, the fraudulent accounting did not expect to have significant impact on its market valuation. Analyzing the share price over the months that AIG reported their yearly statement in 2002, 2003, and 2004, AIGs market share price moved approximately -4%, -3% and . 5% respectively. Although a hypothesis could be made that the fraud occurred as a defense against stock devaluation rather than an enabler of change magnitude valuation.The second thought states that CFOs may become involved in accounting manipulations because of pressure from CEOs. As CFOs superiors, CEOs can exert pressure on financial reporting decisions through their influence on CFOs future opportunities and compensation (Feing, M. , 2011). This aligns to what we understand of Hank Greenbergs style of management. When the judge handed o ut sentencing to Elizabeth Monrad, the CFO of Gen Re, he made the following statements. ? ? ? The fact that she did not benefit personally from the scheme, does not excuse her conduct.Her involvement in the fraudulent scheme was central to its success. There were many opportunities for her to shake this shady deal, but she never did Although these two schools of thought help one to better understand the drivers behind the accounting fraud in AIG and other cases academically, they are not mutually independent. In practice, pressure grows like a virus when it attaches to personal gain. Without personal gain, there is hardly a sustainable environment for pressure, which indicates some level of correlation to realizing a self-involved objective.Some of the best lessons are learned from past mistakes. The error of the past is the wisdom of the future. Dale Turner hotshot may never be able to understand the full extent of the motivations at AIG that resulted in over $1. 6B in penaltie s, $2. 3B in reduction of shareholder equity, and the destruction of lives and careers. There appeared to be a significant amount of both pressure and personal gain involved. In the end, the AIG case became another brick in the wall for opponents of capitalist economy pointing to the greed of executives and their boards.With the benefit of writing this in 2012, we know this was merely a minor speed give way in comparison to what would come for AIG in the future global financial crisis of 2008. We now live in a world where greed, profit, share price, and financial institutions are synonymous to each other. However tarnished the reputation of corporations are, there are glimmers of hope in the details. The numbers and results of these actions begin to illustrate a telling story that greed, fraud, and dissembling are destroyers of value rather than enablers.Cases such as AIG can be reference points to dissuade future decisions of unethical nature. In AIGs case, their share price fell more than 30% from the period of 1/2/2001 to 5/22/2006 further strengthening our initial hypothesis. The announcement also caused Standard & ridiculouss (MHP) to downgrade AIGs debt rating from AAA to AA+, leading to higher funding costs and decrease long-term value. We may not be able to prove that all of the AIGs value destruction is directly related to the case beyond a reasonable doubt, it can be arguably presume that a significant portion is directly related.Even if that destruction is associated to confidence over financial health. (McGee, S. , 2005) In the time since this case, AIG has made considerable steps to prevent future occurrences of financial misrepresentation. The AIG management report on internal control related remediation efforts emphasizing the need for higher integrity and a culture of ethical values throughout the organization. The report notes AIG has taken, and is developing further plans to take, significant actions to improve its control environment, get-go with a clear statement of the tone and philosophy set by its current senior management.The Corporate Governance delegation Report in the 2005 AIG Proxy Statement gives further details AIG enhanced its cypher of Conduct for employees, mandated that all employees complete formal ethics training, and implemented a Director, Executive Officer, and Senior fiscal Officer Code of Business Conduct and Ethics to provide reasonable assurance that all members of the scorecard of Directors, executive officers, and senior financial officers adhere to the stated principles and procedures set forth in that Code.At the Committees recommendation, AIG is developing a corporate level compliance framework, including implementation of compliance programs at AIGs major business areas.

Assessment: Management and Performance Monitoring Plan

Assessment Activity BSBMGT617A Develop and implement a handicraft platform Assessment 120 Student ID Type Assignment Duration/Due 4 weeks Name header Question 1 You and your military control partner have decided to open a small business marketing consultancy in Sydneys bustling Chinatown district, close to The Sydney Business and Travel Academy. Marks 60 You have borrowed $75,000 from the buzzword to get started, and have each contributed $20,000 in cash, for a total amount of $115,000.Initially, the two of you depart be the only full-time employees, but you intention to employ more staff as the business grows. For this judging you will need to develop two profesionally presented and detailed plans the business plan, and the performance monitoring plan. The business plan should be detailed, practical and have the following sections as a minimum Table of contents fraternity vision, mission, values and objectives Stakeholder consultation Market requirements and customer p rofile Pricing strategy Resource requirements (financial, human and physical) legislative requirements (local, state and federal) 30-day Start-up Action plan Your business performance monitoring plan will detail how you will monitor the performance of your startup business.It will need to include details of the key performance indicators you will use, financial management strategies (including target ratios), human resource performance monitoring, your plan for continuous improvement, and details of how the business plan will be amended and updated as required. A large part of this assignment involves research. The lucre is not your only tool. Seek advice and assistance from your trainer, government bodies, associations and business owners where appropriate. All information sources must be acknowledged and referenced. Thursday, 6 October 2011 1/1

Physiology – Rabbit Ileum

The isolated intestinal smooth tendon preparation is one of the genuine preparations in physiology and pharmacology for bioassays, or the deal of drug action and autonomic control of motility. This preparation is include in many in-house laboratory manuals of various colleges and universities around North America, and in some commercially nimble manuals deal ing with physiology and pharmacology (e. g. Nicpon-Marieb, 1981).Basically, the method presented in this report is a modification of the original Finkleman preparation (Finkleman, 1930) for the study of the autonomic control of intestinal motility. What is different about our approach is the method of mounting the preparation and the method of stimulation of the large-hearted nerve. The classic way of mounting the piece of intestine is to suspend it vertically in a muscle bath between an aeration tube and a recording lever.The problems with this technique are (1) underscore placed on the intestine when the chamber is empti ed during the process of changing solutions, and (2) difficulty in stimulating the sympathetic nerve due to the fact that the preparation is totally submerged in a physiological salty solution. We open overcome these problems by mounting the segments of gut horizontally in a shallow muscle bath. As a result, less stress is placed on the intestine during changeover of solutions, and it is easier to manipulate and to rush the sympathetic nerve contained within the mesentery.Also students find i t much easier to mount the preparation in the horizontal bath and are less likely to stretch the muscle preparation in the process. With these modifications we have improved the student success rate from 50-60% to 90-100%. Large recordings of the muscle contraction, such as those shown in accompaniment A, are easily obtainable using a kymograph and simple lever system. In fact, other advantage of this exercise is that it does not require expensive recording equipment.

Ancient Goddesses of the Middle East Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Ancient Goddesses of the Middle East - Essay warningHowever, during the past few thousand years, women have experienced marginalization from their power source. In the manly dominated religions such as Judaism, Christianity and Islam, the female aspect of the Creator has been put aside. History reveals that remnants of the Goddess worshippers were annihilated because they were considered witches. It is alarming to pock besides that it was all done in the name of a loving God.1By 4500 BC, the European incorrupt hosted a flourishing group of Goddess worshipping cultures. Over the preceding two millennia, from about 6500 BC to 4500 BC, these cultures had undergone a inactive evolution, and by the end of this time achieved what could properly be called a Golden Age of Old European civilization. They produced arts and crafts of remarkable quality. Communities achieved populations of many thousands and were laid out in a planned manner. Towns were located at consistently even distan ces from each other, with larger cities acting as religious and trade centers.According to Curtis, the peoples of this earned run average believe and practice their religion in all aspects of their lives such as vitality, death, regeneration that is embodied in the female power, that is, the Goddess. Proof of this are the figurines and sculptures, the burial rites, the rich religious symbolism that were rampant during that age. Religion was so much a part of their lives that even ordinary chores like weaving was done inside the temples.It is near common knowledge that in the present-day witchcraft, the central figure is a woman, the Goddess or the Great Mother. She represents life and fertility. She symbolizes the living force that connects all things in nature and the whole universe. She serves both as the creator and the destroyer. She is besides called the Queen of Heaven as well as the moon. The Great Mother is endowed with magical powers and is oft associated with feelings, intuition and the psychic faculty.Scholars agree that the Goddess is supposed to be without gender, however within the universe both the male and the female principles do exist. Furthermore, both in the Goddess worship both the male and the female principles are experienced.3It is also recorded that, the Goddess has many features, titles and characteristics. At present however, particularly in witchcraft and Neo-paganism, she is worshipped as the triad Goddess such as the Virgin, the Mother and the Crone.Record shows that goddess worship dates back to Paleolithic times. Many anthropologists believe that the offset printing God or gods of the peoples were feminine in nature. There is the so-called self-fertilization such as the ones mentioned in ancient creation myths and beliefs that all things came to order through this method. It means that there was no participation of a male counterpart and that the Goddess did all the creation by herself. Thus, it can be noted that the agric ultural rituals and religions acknowledge that the gods were only successful because of the blessings of wisdom and goodness from the Great Goddess. This is evident in the existence of many matriarchal societies and tribes in the past. However, no concrete evidence can pinpoint that either of the gods or goddesses are choice to the other. The Great Goddess does not lord it over the male gods. In other

Plagiarism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Plagiarism - Essay ExamplePlagiarism is considered an academic crime in academic settings. There is no school, college, or university anywhere in the world that does non discourage the come of plagiarism. The reason is that plagiarism is an academic crime that violates the rules and ethics of creative writing. much(prenominal) detection tools are getable that squirt easily detect whether a student has copied something from somewhere or not. As Sumerset states, with plenty of tools that can spot copied, repurposed or coopted text, attempting to plagiarize other tribes material can be an exercise in aught but getting caught red-handed. Some colleges and universities even expel such students who commit the act of plagiarism. Such strict standards discourage students from doing any kind of plagiarism in their personal essays and reports. Let us instantaneously discuss the ways one may plagiarize in his/her papers, reports, and other documents. How One May recite Plagiarism is ba sically of three to four types. Sometimes, writers do not even know that they are plagiarizing or not. However, when they get the results, they get to know the fact that they have plagiarized unknowingly. The best way to detect the incident of any sort of plagiarism is to use some plagiarism detection software that can interference whole document for plagiarism. One of the main ways a person can plagiarize is by forgetting to put direct quotations within inverted commas. Use of inverted commas for direct quotations or disapprobations from web and non-print sources is a basic rule regarding plagiarism. Some people forget this rule and commit plagiarism. For example, if a person copies a sentence from somewhere and pastes it in his/her own paper without putting the sentence within inverted commas and mentioning the chance upon of the author and the page number at the end of the sentence and in the references page, it will be plagiarism. other way through which a person can plagia rize is by changing the words of the copied sentence thinking that changed wording does not cause plagiarism. It is true but for short sentences. Sometimes people supply to write whole paragraphs using their own words and in the same club of sentences. However, they do not mention the source of the paragraph at the end of the paragraph. This is called paragraph paraphrasing and is plagiarism if not cited properly. Sometimes people just change the order of the words of the copied sentences. They are not aware of the fact that changing the order of the words does not change the original wording of the sentence. This is called Mosaic plagiarism, which occurs due to lack of knowledge of referencing rules (Rajeev). For example, if a copied sentence is A mouse was under the table. Now, if a person changes it to Under the table was a mouse, it will be mosaic plagiarism. Ways to Avoid Plagiarism Plagiarism is an act of imposition which not only harms a students creative writing ability b ut as well as affects the reputation of the institute if the paper of the student is caught for plagiarism at any platform. One can pee-pee ideas of others for writing a report or any other document but he/she should eternally mention the original source of that information or ideas in order to make the use of those ideas legal. Moreover, it is not sufficient to mention the source of the information only within the text of the paper. Failing to include get along reference/source in the references page also results in plagiarism. Some

Informative paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Informative - Research news report ExampleThe aim of this paper is to browse through the various legal aspects of internet governance that dish up minimize the concerns cogitate to internet. Body Nature of the problem Both the private sector as well up as the government sector has run very concerned about cyber credential and these concerns have elevate due to various sources. These sources include Individuals and groups have accepted the importance of internet as it is found to be present in different spheres of human life. Computer systems and information technology related resources have become increasingly dependant on internet. Concern has even elevated because quite frequently, organizations from both the private and the worldly concern world report breach of information. Different types of viruses and malwares are spreading and they are becoming quite coordination compound for people from the industry to tackle. Government is continuously involved in the process of co nducting investigative operations on the way internet is being used. Various internet related attacks conducted throughout the world. Concerns have even caulescent out of activities such as cybercrime which includes theft of identity, credit card online frauds, illegal pornography, and loss of property that is understanding in nature. On top of the sources of concern is the concern for privacy of data that is with the government and the private sector. profits users have increased and almost 32.7% of the worlds population is using internet, but they are unsuspecting of the threats they may face and their awareness of how to avoid such threats is even low in amount (International business sector Publications, 2007, p.38). These users are recognized as soft targets and a number of criminal entities can take emolument of them. Those entities that may pose a threat to users include hackers, government organizations, especially intelligence agencies. The motives behind attacks rela ted to internet includes economic benefits, attacks conducted for the betterment of the security of the nation and self satisfaction. Responses from international alliance The international community and the local community have responded in several ways to the threats and the attackers. During the period of 2001, COE (Council of Europe) held a treaty write session on the subject of cyber terrorism. The meeting focused on three major problems related to cybercrime (Bachmaier, 2010, p.203). These issues include various kinds of cyber attacks that nations need to address in their laws and regulations, the adoption of these rules and regulations to lap major issues and corporation between nations to solve the issue of cybercrime. The assembly has made ample amount of progress and it has been able to add 21 countries to the convention and tried to persuade a total of 30 countries to get into the agreement (Bachmaier, 2010, p.203). During the period of 2010 a UN criminal offence Con gress was held in the area of Salvador, here Brazil tried to get other nations into signing a treaty to counter cybercrime (Boister, 2012, p.118). Brazil failed to persuade other nations to sign the treaty even though het discussions took place and problems were discussed in great lengths. The reason due to which agreement was not reached includes concern for rights of humans, national security and other issues. The problematic question in such cases is how to bridge the differences among these nations

International Financial Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

International Financial Management - Assignment ExamplePertaining to planned investments in South Africa by Neptune, this report outlines the possible threats of topical anesthetic firms resistance and how Neptune might respond to them. Finally, the report outlines the effects of currency sportsman of citing production abroad, if Neptune let sales in South Africa to be in Rand. make of the Possibility that the united States will take Action to wither its Current Account Deficit on Neptune The received key deficit refers to a situation where the total imports into a country exceed the total exports (RupyaGyan, 2013). Reduction of the current broadsheet deficit means a reduction in the quantity and value of imports and an emergence in the quantity and value of exports. The major aim of this move is to encourage and promote exports while protecting local firms of a country. However, it should be noted that a switch in expenditure from contrary to home goods shrivels foreign i ncome (Jones, 2003, p, 641). For instance, For instance, industrial countries sought to reduce their current account deficits by reducing oil imports or increase their exports to other countries. As exports increase, current account deficit reduces (Siddaiah, 2010, p, 71). The possibility that the coupled States will take doing to reduce its current account deficit will pose various effects on Neptune Plc. ... Effects on Neptune Plc if it continues to Export Water Pumps to the join States If the United States government takes action to reduce its current account deficit, then the governments main objective will be to reduce imports to its country and increase its exports. Most governments spend the policy of reduction of the current account deficit to divert the expenditure of consumers outside from imports and direct it towards home produced goods. Countries limit imports to reduce current account deficit (Neave, 2009, p, 301).This means that, as United States residents turn th eir attention to home produced water pumps, they will spend more in purchasing American manufactured water pumps and spends less in buying foreign manufactured water pumps that have been exported to the United States. Consequently, the demand for foreign manufactured water pumps, Neptune Plcs water pumps being among the category is likely to reduce drastically. This is because Neptune Plc manufactures water pumps in Europe and exports to the United States of America. Consequently, this will lead to a decrease in meshwork because sales shall have decreased because of that scenario. The possible ways that the United States Government can use to reduce the current account deficit include demand-switching policies, foreign goods demand reducing policies and supply side policies (Gillespie, 201, p, 493). The use of tariff levies means that the United States Government will impose tax on imports. Definitely, imports prices will go up. This is because foreign companies that export goods t o the United States, Neptune Plc being one of them, will raise prices of their water pumps to maintain their network levels. As the prices of